ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
15£®ÒûÁϹû´×Öк¬ÓÐÆ»¹ûËᣬƻ¹ûËá¾¾ÛºÏÉú³É¾ÛÆ»¹ûËᣮÒÑÖª£º£¨1£©0.1molÆ»¹ûËáÓë×ãÁ¿NaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦ÄܲúÉú4.48L CO2£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©£»
£¨2£©Æ»¹ûËáÍÑË®Éú³ÉÄÜʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«µÄ²úÎ
£¨3£©
Çë»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©Ð´³öBµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽHOOCCH2CH2COOH£®
£¨2£©EµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×ÓÐÈý×é·å£¬Æä·åÃæ»ý±ÈΪ1£º2£º2£¬EµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH£®
£¨3£©Ð´³öÆ»¹ûËáËùº¬¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄÃû³ÆôÇ»ù¡¢ôÈ»ù£¬Fת»¯³ÉÆ»¹ûËá¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦ÀàÐÍÑõ»¯·´Ó¦¡¢È¡´ú·´Ó¦»òË®½â·´Ó¦£®
£¨4£©Ð´³öÓëÆ»¹ûËá¾ßÓÐÏàͬ¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ£®
£¨5£©Ð´³öFÓë×ãÁ¿Òø°±ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽOHCCH2CHClCHO+4Ag£¨NH3£©2OH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NH4OOCCH2CHClCOONH4+4Ag¡ý+6NH3+2H2O£®
£¨6£©Ð´³öCÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽHOOCCH2CHClCOOH+3NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NaOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COONa+NaCl+2H2O£®
£¨7£©¾ÛÆ»¹ûËá¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄÉúÎïÏàÈÝÐÔ£¬¿É×÷ΪÊÖÊõ·ìºÏÏߵȲÄÁÏÓ¦ÓÃÓÚÉúÎïÒ½Ò©ºÍÉúÎï²ÄÁÏÁìÓò£®ÆäÔÚÉúÎïÌåÄÚË®½âµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£®
·ÖÎö Æ»¹ûËá·Ö×ÓʽΪC4H6O5£¬0£®l molÆ»¹ûËáÓë×ãÁ¿NaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦ÄܲúÉú4.48L CO2£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©£¬¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.2mol£¬Ôò1molÆ»¹ûËẬ2mol-COOH£®Æ»¹ûËáÍÑË®ÄÜÉú³ÉʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«µÄ²úÎ½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ·Ö×Óʽ֪£¬Æ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£ºHOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COOH£®Æ»¹ûËáõ¥»¯·´Ó¦½øÐеľۺÏÉú³É¾ÛÆ»¹ûËᣨPMLA£©£¬Æä½á¹¹Îª£¬ÒÒÏ©Óëäå·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉA£¬ÔòAΪBrCH2CH2Br£¬A·¢ÉúÐÅÏ¢·´Ó¦£¬ÏÈ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬ÔÙ·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉB£¬ÔòBΪHOOCH2CH2COOH£¬BÓëÂÈÆø·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉC£¬½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬CΪHOOCCH2CH£¨Cl£©COOH£¬ÓÉFµÄ·Ö×Óʽ¿ÉÖª£¬ÒÒȲÓëHCHO¡¢ÇâÆø·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉE£¬EµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×ÓÐÈý×é·å£¬Æä·åÃæ»ý±ÈΪ1£º2£º2£¬EΪHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH£®FÄÜ·´Ó¦Òø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬º¬ÓÐÈ©»ù-CHO£¬F¾¹ýϵÁÐת»¯Éú³ÉÆ»¹ûËᣬ½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹ÓëFµÄ·Ö×Óʽ£¬¿ÉÖªFΪOHCCH2CH£¨Cl£©CHO£¬½áºÏC¡¢FµÄ½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬DΪHOCH2CH2CH£¨Cl£©CH2OH£¬¸ù¾ÝÓлúÎïµÄ½á¹¹ºÍÐÔÖʽâ´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºÆ»¹ûËá·Ö×ÓʽΪC4H6O5£¬0£®l molÆ»¹ûËáÓë×ãÁ¿NaHCO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦ÄܲúÉú4.48L CO2£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©£¬¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.2mol£¬Ôò1molÆ»¹ûËẬ2mol-COOH£®Æ»¹ûËáÍÑË®ÄÜÉú³ÉʹäåË®ÍÊÉ«µÄ²úÎ½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ·Ö×Óʽ֪£¬Æ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£ºHOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COOH£®Æ»¹ûËáõ¥»¯·´Ó¦½øÐеľۺÏÉú³É¾ÛÆ»¹ûËᣨPMLA£©£¬Æä½á¹¹Îª£¬ÒÒÏ©Óëäå·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉA£¬ÔòAΪBrCH2CH2Br£¬A·¢ÉúÐÅÏ¢·´Ó¦£¬ÏÈ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦£¬ÔÙ·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉB£¬ÔòBΪHOOCH2CH2COOH£¬BÓëÂÈÆø·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉC£¬½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬CΪHOOCCH2CH£¨Cl£©COOH£¬ÓÉFµÄ·Ö×Óʽ¿ÉÖª£¬ÒÒȲÓëHCHO¡¢ÇâÆø·¢Éú¼Ó³É·´Ó¦Éú³ÉE£¬EµÄºË´Å¹²ÕñÇâÆ×ÓÐÈý×é·å£¬Æä·åÃæ»ý±ÈΪ1£º2£º2£¬EΪHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH£®FÄÜ·´Ó¦Òø¾µ·´Ó¦£¬º¬ÓÐÈ©»ù-CHO£¬F¾¹ýϵÁÐת»¯Éú³ÉÆ»¹ûËᣬ½áºÏÆ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹ÓëFµÄ·Ö×Óʽ£¬¿ÉÖªFΪOHCCH2CH£¨Cl£©CHO£¬½áºÏC¡¢FµÄ½á¹¹¿ÉÖª£¬DΪHOCH2CH2CH£¨Cl£©CH2OH£¬
£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÉÏÃæµÄ·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬BµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪHOOCCH2CH2COOH£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHOOCCH2CH2COOH£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÉÏÃæµÄ·ÖÎö¿ÉÖª£¬EΪHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH£»
£¨3£©Æ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£ºHOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COOH£¬Æ»¹ûËáËùº¬¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄÃû³ÆΪôÇ»ù¡¢ôÈ»ù£¬FΪOHCCH2CH£¨Cl£©CHO£¬±È½ÏFºÍÆ»¹ûËáµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ¿ÉÖª£¬Fת»¯³ÉÆ»¹ûËá¿ÉÄÜ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦ÀàÐÍΪÑõ»¯·´Ó¦¡¢È¡´ú·´Ó¦»òË®½â·´Ó¦£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºôÇ»ù¡¢ôÈ»ù£»Ñõ»¯·´Ó¦¡¢È¡´ú·´Ó¦»òË®½â·´Ó¦£»
£¨4£©ÓëÆ»¹ûËá¾ßÓÐÏàͬ¹ÙÄÜÍŵÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹ÌåµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
£¨5£©FΪOHCCH2CH£¨Cl£©CHO£¬FÓë×ãÁ¿Òø°±ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽOHCCH2CHClCHO+4 Ag£¨NH3£©2OH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NH4OOCCH2CHClCOONH4+4Ag¡ý+6NH3+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºOHCCH2CHClCHO+4 Ag£¨NH3£©2OH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NH4OOCCH2CHClCOONH4+4Ag¡ý+6NH3+2H2O£»
£¨6£©CΪHOOCCH2CH£¨Cl£©COOH£¬CÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪHOOCCH2CHClCOOH+3NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NaOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COONa+NaCl+2H2O£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºHOOCCH2CHClCOOH+3NaOH$\stackrel{¡÷}{¡ú}$NaOOCCH2CH£¨OH£©COONa+NaCl+2H2O£»
£¨7£©¾ÛÆ»¹ûËáÔÚÉúÎïÌåÄÚË®½âµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÓлúÎïµÄÍƶÏÓëºÏ³É¡¢¶Ô¸øÓèÐÅÏ¢µÄÀûÓᢹÙÄÜÍŵÄÐÔÖÊÓëת»¯£¬Ã÷È·Æ»¹ûËáµÄÐÔÖÊÀ´ÍƶÏÆä½á¹¹Êǽâ´ð±¾ÌâµÄ¹Ø¼ü£¬×¢Òâ¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦ÐÅÏ¢½øÐÐÍƶϣ¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | ¢Ù¢Ý¢Ú¢Û¢Ü | B£® | ¢Ù¢Ú¢Û¢Ü¢Ý | C£® | ¢Ú¢Û¢Ý¢Ù¢Ü | D£® | ¢Ú¢Û¢Ý¢Ù¢Þ |
A£® | XµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªC8H8 | |
B£® | ÓлúÎïYÊÇXµÄͬ·ÖÒì¹¹Ì壬ÇÒÊôÓÚ·¼ÏãÌþ£¬ÔòYµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪ | |
C£® | XÄÜʹËáÐÔ¸ßÃÌËá¼ØÈÜÒºÍÊÉ« | |
D£® | XÓë×ãÁ¿µÄH2ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ·´Ó¦¿ÉÉú³É»·×´µÄ±¥ºÍÌþZ£¬ZµÄÒ»ÂÈ´úÎïÓÐ4ÖÖ |
A£® | 92.1% | B£® | 84.6% | C£® | 92.3% | D£® | 84.2% |
A£® | NH3ºÍH2O | B£® | HClºÍKCl | C£® | H2OºÍH2O2 | D£® | NaClºÍNaOH |
A£® | ²Ù×÷¢ñÊÇÝÍÈ¡·ÖÒº | |
B£® | ÒÒÃÑÈÜÒºÖÐËùÈܽâµÄÖ÷Òª³É·ÖÊDZ½¼×´¼ | |
C£® | ²Ù×÷¢òÕôÁóËùµÃ²úÆ·¼×ÊDZ½¼×´¼ | |
D£® | ²Ù×÷¢ó¹ýÂ˵õ½²úÆ·ÒÒÊDZ½¼×Ëá¼Ø |
A£® | ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖУ¬C6H5COOHµÄµçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºC6H5COOH?C6H5COO-+H+ | |
B£® | 0.1mol•L-1C6H5COONaÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵΪ£ºc£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨C6H5COO-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¾c£¨H+£© | |
C£® | C6H5COONaºÍC6H5COOHµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº³ÊÖÐÐÔ£¬ÇÒc£¨Na+£©=0.1mol•L-1£¬Ôòc£¨Na+£©=c£¨C6H5COO-£©£¾c£¨OH-£©=c£¨H+£© | |
D£® | µÈŨ¶ÈµÄC6H5COONaºÍCH3COONaÁ½ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Ç°ÕßÀë×Ó×ÜŨ¶ÈСÓÚºóÕß |