ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÊÇÖØÒªµÄ¹¤ÒµÔÁϺÍÈܼÁ£¬Í¨³£»ìÓÐÉÙÐíÒÒ´¼ºÍÒÒËᣮijѧϰС×éÀûÓÃͼ1×°ÖÃÖÆÈ¡ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·£¬ÔÙ·ÖÎöÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄº¬Á¿£®ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ | ÒÒ´¼ | ÒÒËá | |
·Ðµã | 77.1¡æ | 78.5¡æ | 117.9¡æ |
£¨I£©×¼È·³ÆÁ¿20.0gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´ÖÆ·ÓÚ׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬ÓÃ0.50mol?L-1NaOHµÎ¶¨£¨·Ó̪×öָʾ¼Á£©£®ÖÕµãʱÏûºÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ40.0mL
£¨II£©ÁíÈ¡20.0gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´Ö²úÆ·ÓÚ250mL׶ÐÎÆ¿ÖУ¬¼ÓÈë100mL 2.1mol?L-1NaOHÈÜÒº»ìºÏ¾ùÔȺó£¬×°ÉÏÀäÄýÏ䣬ÔÚˮԡÉϼÓÈÈ»ØÁ÷Ô¼1Сʱ£¬×°ÖÃÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®´ýÀäÈ´ºó£¬ÓÃ0.50mol?L-1HClµÎ¶¨¹ýÁ¿µÄNaOH£®ÖÕµãʱÏûºÄÑÎËáµÄÌå»ýΪ20.0mL£®
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÊµÑ飨II£©ÖÐÀäË®´ÓÀäË®Äý¹ÜµÄ
£¨2£©ÀûÓÃʵÑ飨I£©¡¢£¨II£©²âÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¼ÆËã´Ö²úÎïÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ
£¨3£©ÊµÑé½áÊøºó£¬Í¬Ñ§ÃǶԴֲúÆ·ÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄº¬Á¿²»¸ß½øÐÐÌÖÂÛ£®
¢ÙÓÐÈËÈÏΪÊÇʵÑ飨II£©´øÀ´µÄÎó²î£®½¨Ò齫ͼ2ÖеÄ׶ÐÎÆ¿¸ÄΪÈý¾±Æ¿£¬×°ÖÃÈçͼ3£¬ÔÚÈý¾±Æ¿µÄc¡¢d¿Ú×°ÅäÏà¹ØµÄÒÇÆ÷²¢½øÐÐÇ¡µ±µÄ²Ù×÷£¬¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ß²â¶¨µÄ¾«È·¶È£®ÄãÈÏΪÔÚÈý¾±Æ¿µÄc¡¢d¿Ú×°ÅäÏà¹ØµÄÒÇÆ÷»ò²Ù×÷ÊÇ£º
A£®×°ÉÏζȼƣ¬Ñϸñ¿ØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶È
B£®ÊµÑéÖо³£´ò¿ªÆ¿¿Ú£¬Óò£Á§½øÐнÁ°è
C£®ÔÚ·´Ó¦ºóÆÚ£¬ÓÃÊÂÏÈ°²×°µÄ·ÖҺ©¶·Ìí¼ÓÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº
¢Ú»¹ÓÐͬѧÈÏΪ¸Ä½øÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÆȡװÖã¨Í¼1£©²ÅÄÜÌá¸ß²úÂÊ£®Äâ³öÄãµÄÒ»Ìõ¸Ä½ø½¨Òé
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÀäÄýÆ÷²ÉÓÃÄæÏòͨˮЧ¹ûºÃÍê³É£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÀûÓÃʵÑ飨I£©¡¢£¨II£©²âÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¼°·´Ó¦ÔÀí¼ÆËã³ö´Ö²úÎïÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÓɱíÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·Ðµã·ÖÎö£¬¼ÓÈÈζȹý¸ß£¬¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ºÍÒÒËáÓÐËðʧ£»
¢Ú½«ÊԹܸijÉÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿£¬È»ºó¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆζȣ¬Ìá¸ßÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÀûÓÃʵÑ飨I£©¡¢£¨II£©²âÁ¿µÄÊý¾Ý¼°·´Ó¦ÔÀí¼ÆËã³ö´Ö²úÎïÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÓɱíÖÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·Ðµã·ÖÎö£¬¼ÓÈÈζȹý¸ß£¬¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ºÍÒÒËáÓÐËðʧ£»
¢Ú½«ÊԹܸijÉÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿£¬È»ºó¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆζȣ¬Ìá¸ßÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£®
½â´ð£º£¨1£©ÀäÄýÆ÷²ÉÓÃÄæÏòͨˮ£¬Ê¹Ë®ÓëÀäÄýµÄÆøÌå³ä·Ö½Ó´¥£¬ÀäÄýЧ¹ûºÃ£¬¹Ê´Óbͨˮ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºb£»
£¨2£©ÓÉ£¨¢ñ£©¿ÉÖª£¬ÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÊÇÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÖеÄÔÓÖÊÒÒËᣬËùÒÔ20gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´ÖÆ·Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º0.50mol?L-1¡Á0.04L=0.02mol£¬
ÓУ¨¢ò£©¿ÉÖª£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄÒÒËáºÍÔÓÖÊÒÒËáÏûºÄµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º2.1mol?L-1¡Á0.1L-0.50mol?L-1¡Á0.02L=0.20mol£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º0.20mol-0.02mol=0.18mol£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÈÓÚÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ20gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´ÖÆ·Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º88g/mol¡Á0.18g=15.84g£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º
¡Á100%=79.2%£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º79.2%£»
£¨3£©¢ÙA£®×°ÉÏζȼƣ¬Äܹ»Ñϸñ¿ØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ¬¼õÉÙÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¡¢ÒÒËáµÄËðʧ£¬Äܹ»¼õС·´Ó¦Îó²î£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®ÊµÑéÖо³£´ò¿ªÆ¿¿Ú£¬Óò£Á§½øÐнÁ°è£¬»áµ¼ÖÂÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¡¢ÒÒËá´Ó»ìºÏÒºÖлӷ¢³öÀ´£¬Ó°Ïì²â¶¨½á¹û£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®ÔÚ·´Ó¦ºóÆÚ£¬ÓÃÊÂÏÈ°²×°µÄ·ÖҺ©¶·Ìí¼ÓÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬Ôö´óÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆŨ¶È£¬±£Ö¤ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼õС²â¶¨Îó²î£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
¹ÊÑ¡AC£»
¢ÚÔÚÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÆÈ¡¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒ´¼ºÍÒÒËáÄܹ»»Ó·¢³öÀ´£¬Ó°ÏìÁËÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿Ìæ´úÊԹܲ¢¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȵķ½·¨£¬Í¨¹ýÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÓÃÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿Ìæ´úÊԹܲ¢¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºb£»
£¨2£©ÓÉ£¨¢ñ£©¿ÉÖª£¬ÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄÊÇÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÖеÄÔÓÖÊÒÒËᣬËùÒÔ20gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´ÖÆ·Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º0.50mol?L-1¡Á0.04L=0.02mol£¬
ÓУ¨¢ò£©¿ÉÖª£¬ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄÒÒËáºÍÔÓÖÊÒÒËáÏûºÄµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º2.1mol?L-1¡Á0.1L-0.50mol?L-1¡Á0.02L=0.20mol£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥Ë®½âÉú³ÉµÄÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£º0.20mol-0.02mol=0.18mol£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÈÓÚÒÒËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔ20gÒÒËáÒÒõ¥´ÖÆ·Öк¬ÓÐÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿Îª£º88g/mol¡Á0.18g=15.84g£¬
ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º
15.84g |
20g |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º79.2%£»
£¨3£©¢ÙA£®×°ÉÏζȼƣ¬Äܹ»Ñϸñ¿ØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ¬¼õÉÙÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¡¢ÒÒËáµÄËðʧ£¬Äܹ»¼õС·´Ó¦Îó²î£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£»
B£®ÊµÑéÖо³£´ò¿ªÆ¿¿Ú£¬Óò£Á§½øÐнÁ°è£¬»áµ¼ÖÂÒÒËáÒÒõ¥¡¢ÒÒËá´Ó»ìºÏÒºÖлӷ¢³öÀ´£¬Ó°Ïì²â¶¨½á¹û£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®ÔÚ·´Ó¦ºóÆÚ£¬ÓÃÊÂÏÈ°²×°µÄ·ÖҺ©¶·Ìí¼ÓÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬Ôö´óÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆŨ¶È£¬±£Ö¤ÒÒËáÒÒõ¥ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦£¬¿ÉÒÔ¼õС²â¶¨Îó²î£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£»
¹ÊÑ¡AC£»
¢ÚÔÚÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÆÈ¡¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÒÒ´¼ºÍÒÒËáÄܹ»»Ó·¢³öÀ´£¬Ó°ÏìÁËÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿Ìæ´úÊԹܲ¢¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȵķ½·¨£¬Í¨¹ýÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ²úÂÊ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÓÃÔ²µ×ÉÕÆ¿Ìæ´úÊԹܲ¢¼ÓװζȼƿØÖÆ·´Ó¦Î¶ȣ®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÖÆÈ¡£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢ÒâÕÆÎÕÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄ·´Ó¦ÔÀí¼°×°ÖÃÑ¡Ôñ£¬ÊÔÌâÔÚ×¢ÖضÔѧÉú»ù´¡ÖªÊ¶ÑµÁ·ºÍ¼ìÑéµÄͬʱ£¬²àÖضÔѧÉúʵÑé´ðÌâÄÜÁ¦µÄÅàÑøºÍ·½·¨Óë¼¼ÇɵÄÖ¸µ¼ºÍѵÁ·£¬ÓÐÀûÓÚÌá¸ßѧÉúµÄʵÑéÉè¼ÆÄÜÁ¦ºÍÓ¦ÊÔÄÜÁ¦£¬ÌáÉýѧÉúµÄѧ¿ÆËØÑø£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿