ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
5£®ÉúÎïÖÊÄÜÊÇÒ»Öֽྻ¡¢¿ÉÔÙÉúµÄÄÜÔ´£®ÉúÎïÖÊÆø£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪCO¡¢CO2¡¢H2µÈ£©ÓëH2»ìºÏ£¬´ß»¯ºÏ³É¼×´¼ÊÇÉúÎïÖÊÄÜÀûÓõķ½·¨Ö®Ò»£®£¨1£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Áº¬ÓÐCu¡¢Zn¡¢AlµÈÔªËØ£®
¢Ùд³ö»ù̬CuÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1»ò[Ar]3d104s1£®
¢Ú½ðÊôͲÉÓÃÈçͼ1ÖеÄC£¨Ìî×Öĸ´úºÅ£©¶Ñ»ý·½Ê½£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬Ð´³öCO·Ö×ӵĽṹʽC¡ÔO£®
£¨3£©¼×´¼´ß»¯Ñõ»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×È©£¬¼×È©ÓëÐÂÖÆCu£¨OH£©2µÄ¼îÐÔÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCu2O³Áµí£®
¢Ù¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã±È¼×È©µÄ¸ß£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊǼ״¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£®
¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍÊÇƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA£®
¢ÛÔÚ1¸öCu2O¾§°ûÖУ¨½á¹¹Èçͼ2Ëùʾ£©£¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ4£®
£¨4£©¿Æѧ¼Òͨ¹ýXÉäÏßÍƲ⵨·¯ÖмȺ¬ÓÐÅäλ¼ü£¬ÓÖº¬ÓÐÇâ¼ü£¬Æä½á¹¹Ê¾Òâͼ¿É¼òµ¥±íʾÈçÏ£¬ÆäÖÐÅäλ¼üºÍÇâ¼ü¾ù²ÉÓÃÐéÏß±íʾ£®
¢Ùд³öµ¨·¯¾§ÌåÖÐË®ºÏÍÀë×ӵĽṹ¼òʽ£¨±ØÐ뽫Åäλ¼ü±íʾ³öÀ´£©£º£®
¢ÚË®·Ö×Ó¼ä´æÔÚÇâ¼ü£¬ÇëÄãÁоÙÁ½µãÊÂʵ˵Ã÷Çâ¼ü¶ÔË®µÄÐÔÖʵÄÓ°ÏìË®µÄÈÛ¡¢·Ðµã½Ï¸ß¡¢½á±ùʱÃܶȼõС£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©CuµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ29£¬½áºÏÄÜÁ¿×îµÍÔÀíÊéдµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£»CuΪ×îÃܶѻý£¬ÅäλÊýΪ12£»
£¨2£©COÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬¸ù¾ÝN2µÄ½á¹¹Åжϣ»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼Öк¬ÓÐÇâ¼ü£¬·Ðµã½Ï¸ß£¬ÖÐÐÄÔ×ÓÐγÉ3¸ö¦Ä¼ü£»
¢Ú¸ù¾Ý¼Û²ãµç×Ó¶Ô»¥³âÄ£ÐÍÅжϣ¬·Ö×ÓÖе¥¼üΪ¦Ä¼ü£¬Ë«¼üÖÐÒ»¸ö¦Ä¼ü£¬Ò»¸öΪ¦Ð¼ü£»
¢ÛÀûÒÀ¾Ý¾§°ûʾÒâͼ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚ¾§°ûÄÚ²¿£¬ÒÔ´ËÅжÏÍÔ×ÓÊý£»
£¨4£©¢ÙCu2+Ìṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀ£¬Ë®ÖÐÑõÔ×ÓÌṩ¹Â¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£»
¢ÚÇâ¼ü½ÏÒ»°ã·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ç¿£¬Ó°ÏìÎïÖʵÄÎïÀíÐÔÖÊ£»
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙCuµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ29£¬µç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1»ò[Ar]3d104s1£¬¢ÚCuΪ×îÃܶѻý£¬ÅäλÊýΪ12£¬C·ûºÏ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢Ù1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1»ò[Ar]3d104s1£»¢ÚC£»
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬¿ÉÖªCOÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬N2·Ö×ӵĽṹʽΪ£ºN¡ÔN£¬»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹÏàËÆ£¬¿Éд³öCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½ÎªC¡ÔO£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC¡ÔO£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö×Ó¼äÇâ¼ü£¬¼×È©·Ö×Ó¼äÖ»ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶øûÓÐÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹Ê¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã¸ß£¬¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ̼ÑõË«¼ü£¬¹Ê̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»sp2ÔÓ»¯£»
¢Ú¼×ȩΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£¬²»º¬¹Âµç×Ó¶Ô£¬·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol̼Çâ¦Ä¼ü£¬1mol̼Ñõ¦Ä¼ü£¬¹Êº¬ÓЦļüµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª3mol£¬ÊýĿΪ3NA¸ö£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»3NA£»
¢ÛÒÀ¾Ý¾§°ûʾÒâͼ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚ¾§°ûÄÚ²¿£¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ4£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£»
£¨4£©¢ÙCu2+Ìṩ¿Õ¹ìµÀ£¬Ë®ÖÐÑõÔ×ÓÌṩ¹Â¶Ôµç×Ó£¬ÐγÉÅäλ¼ü£¬Ë®ºÏÍÀë×ӵĽṹ¼òʽΪ£º£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£»
¢ÚÇâ¼ü½ÏÒ»°ã·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦Ç¿£¬ËùÒÔË®µÄÈÛ¡¢·Ðµã½Ï¸ß£¬ÓÉÓÚÇâ¼ü¾ßÓз½ÏòÐÔ£¬½á±ùʱ£¬Çâ¼üÔö¶à£¬Ìå»ýÔö´ó£¬ÃܶȼõС£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºË®µÄÈÛ¡¢·Ðµã½Ï¸ß£»½á±ùʱÃܶȼõС£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ìâ°ÑÔ×ӽṹ¡¢·Ö×ӽṹ¼°¾§Ìå½á¹¹¡¢ÅäºÏÎï֪ʶ½ÏºÃµØÈÚºÏÔÚÒ»Æð£¬×ۺϿ¼²éÁËÎïÖʽṹÓëÐÔÖʵÄÖ÷¸É֪ʶ£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | Ò»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬Cl2¿ÉÔÚ¼×±½µÄ±½»·»ò²àÁ´ÉÏ·¢ÉúÈ¡´ú·´Ó¦ | |
B£® | ¹âÕÕÏÂ2£¬2¶þ¼×»ù±ûÍéÓëBr2·´Ó¦£¬ÆäÒ»äåÈ¡´úÎïÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ | |
C£® | ÒÒÍéºÍ±ûÏ©µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¹²1 mol£¬ÍêȫȼÉÕÉú³É3 mol H2O | |
D£® | ´ÎÂÈËáÄÆÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëCO2Éú³É´ÎÂÈËᣬÔò̼ËáµÄËáÐԱȴÎÂÈËáÈõ |
A£® | ¼×·úÁ×ËáÒì±ûÃÑ | B£® | ¼×·úÁ×ËáÒì±ûõ¥ | ||
C£® | ¼×»ùÒì±û»ù·úÁ×Ëá | D£® | ¼×·úÒì±ûÑõ»ùÁ×Ëá |
A£® | ×öÒø¾µ·´Ó¦ºóµÄÊÔ¹ÜÓð±Ë®Ï´µÓ | |
B£® | ×öµâÉý»ªÊµÑéºóµÄÉÕ±Óþƾ«Ï´µÓ | |
C£® | Ê¢×°±½·ÓºóµÄÊÔ¹ÜÓÃÑÎËáÏ´µÓ | |
D£® | ÊÕ¼¯ÍêÒÒËáÒÒõ¥µÄÊÔ¹ÜÓÃ̼ËáÄÆÈÜҺϴµÓ |
A£® | ¼ØÔ×ӽṹʾÒâͼ£º | B£® | CCl4µÄµç×Óʽ£º | ||
C£® | HClOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£ºH-Cl-O | D£® | MgCl2µÄµç×Óʽ£º |
Ö÷×å ÖÜÆÚ | ¢ñA | ¢òA | ¢óA | ¢ôA | ¢õA | ¢öA | ¢÷A | 0 |
2 | ¢Ù | ¢Ú | ||||||
3 | ¢Û | ¢Ü | ¢Ý | ¢Þ | ¢ß | ¢à | ||
4 | ¢á | ¢â |
£¨2£©¢Û¡¢¢Ü¡¢¢áÈýÖÖÔªËØ°´Ô×Ӱ뾶ÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡µÄ˳ÐòÅÅÁÐΪK£¾Na£¾Mg£¬ÕâÈýÖÖÔªËصÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïµÄË®»¯ÎïÖУ¬°´¼îÐÔÓÉÇ¿µ½Èõ˳ÐòÅÅÁÐΪKOH£¾NaOH£¾Mg£¨OH£©2£¨Óû¯Ñ§Ê½±íʾ£©£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¶ÔÓ¦ÔªËØÃû³ÆΪÑõ£¬ÔÚÔªËØÖÜÆÚ±íÖÐËù´¦Î»ÖÃΪµÚ¶þÖÜÆÚ¢öA×åÆäÇ⻯ÎïÓë¢Û·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2¡ü£»
£¨4£©¢Ý¡¢¢Þ¡¢¢ßÈýÖÖÔªËصÄ×î¸ß¼ÛÑõ»¯ÎïµÄË®»¯ÎïËáÐÔÓÉÇ¿µ½Èõ˳ÐòÅÅÁÐΪHClO4£¾H2SO4£¾H3PO4£»¢Ú¡¢¢ß¡¢¢âÇ⻯ÎïÎȶ¨ÐÔÓÉÇ¿µ½Èõ˳ÐòÅÅÁÐΪHF£¾HCl£¾HBr£¨Óû¯Ñ§Ê½±íʾ£©£»
£¨5£©¢ÛÔªËØÓë¢ßÔªËØÁ½Õߺ˵çºÉÊýÖ®²îÊÇ6£®
A£® | ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Ìå»ýµÄNaClÈÜÒº | B£® | ¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Ìå»ýµÄKNO3±¥ºÍÈÜÒº | ||
C£® | ¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄNa2CO3¹ÌÌå | D£® | ¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄCuSO4¹ÌÌå |