ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
°Ñú×÷ΪȼÁÏ¿Éͨ¹ýÏÂÁÐÁ½ÖÖ;¾¶:
;¾¶¢ñ¡¡C(s)+O2(g)CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H1<0¢Ù
;¾¶¢ò¡¡ÏÈÖƳÉˮúÆø:
C(s)+H2O(g)CO(g)+H2(g)¡¡¦¤H2>0¢Ú
ÔÙȼÉÕˮúÆø:
2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H3<0¢Û
2H2(g)+O2(g)2H2O(g)¡¡¦¤H4<0¢Ü
Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌâ:
(1);¾¶¢ñ·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿ÀíÂÛÉÏ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡(Ìî¡°´óÓÚ¡±¡°µÈÓÚ¡±»ò¡°Ð¡ÓÚ¡±);¾¶¢ò·Å³öµÄÈÈÁ¿¡£
(2)¦¤H1¡¢¦¤H2¡¢¦¤H3¡¢¦¤H4µÄÊýѧ¹ØϵʽÊÇ¡¡¡£
(3)ÒÑÖª:¢ÙC(s)+O2(g)CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H1="-393.5" kJ¡¤mol-1
¢Ú2CO(g)+O2(g)2CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H2="-566" kJ¡¤mol-1
¢ÛTiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)TiCl4(s)+O2(g)¡¡¦¤H3="+141" kJ¡¤mol-1
ÔòTiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)+2C(s)TiCl4(s)+2CO(g)µÄ¦¤H=¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡£
(4)ÒÑÖªÏÂÁи÷×éÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
¢ÙFe2O3(s)+3CO(g)2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H1="-25" kJ¡¤mol-1
¢Ú3Fe2O3(s)+CO(g)2Fe3O4(s)+CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H2="-47" kJ¡¤mol-1
¢ÛFe3O4(s)+CO(g)3FeO(s)+CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H3="+640" kJ¡¤mol-1
Çëд³öFeO(s)±»CO(g)»¹Ô³ÉFeºÍCO2(g)µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¡¡______________________¡£
(1)µÈÓÚ¡¡
(2)¦¤H1=¦¤H2+(¦¤H3+¦¤H4)/2
(3)-80 kJ¡¤mol-1
(4)FeO(s)+CO(g)Fe(s)+CO2(g)¡¡¦¤H="-218" kJ¡¤mol-1
½âÎö
¢ñ£®ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬¿Æѧ¼ÒÀûÓôÓÑ̵ÀÆøÖзÖÀë³öCO2ÓëÌ«ÑôÄܵç³Øµç½âË®²úÉúµÄH2ºÏ³É¼×´¼£¬Æä¹ý³ÌÈçÏÂͼËùʾ£¬ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©¸ÃºÏ³É·Ï߶ÔÓÚ»·¾³±£»¤µÄ¼ÛÖµÔÚÓÚ ¡£
£¨2£©15¡«20%µÄÒÒ´¼°·£¨HOCH2CH2NH2£©Ë®ÈÜÒº¾ßÓÐÈõ¼îÐÔ£¬ÉÏÊöºÏ³ÉÏß·ÖÐÓÃ×÷CO2ÎüÊÕ¼Á¡£ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾÒÒ´¼°·Ë®ÈÜÒº³ÊÈõ¼îÐÔµÄÔÒò ¡£
£¨3£©CH3OH¡¢H2µÄȼÉÕÈÈ·Ö±ðΪ£º¡÷H£½£725.5 kJ/mol¡¢¡÷H£½£285.8 kJ/mol£¬Ð´³ö¹¤ÒµÉÏÒÔCO2¡¢H2ºÏ³ÉCH3OHµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º ¡£
¢ò£®½«È¼Ãº·ÏÆøÖеÄCO2ת»¯Îª¼×Ãѵķ´Ó¦ÔÀíΪ£º
2CO2(g) + 6H2(g)CH3OCH3(g) + 3H2O(g)
ÒÑÖªÒ»¶¨Ñ¹Ç¿Ï£¬¸Ã·´Ó¦ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ȡ¢²»Í¬Í¶ÁϱÈʱ£¬CO2µÄת»¯ÂʼûÏÂ±í£º
ͶÁϱÈ[n(H2) / n(CO2)] | 500 K | 600 K | 700 K | 800 K |
1.5 | 45% | 33% | 20% | 12% |
2.0 | 60% | 43% | 28% | 15% |
3.0 | 83% | 62% | 37% | 22% |
£¨4£©¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄìʱä¡÷H 0£¬ìرä¡÷S 0£¨Ì¡¢£¼»ò£½£©¡£
£¨5£©Óü×ÃÑ×÷ΪȼÁϵç³ØÔÁÏ£¬ÔÚ¼îÐÔ½éÖÊÖиõç³Ø¸º¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ ¡£
£¨6£©ÈôÒÔ1.12 L¡¤min-1£¨±ê×¼×´¿ö£©µÄËÙÂÊÏò¸Ãµç³ØÖÐͨÈë¼×ÃÑ£¨·ÐµãΪ-24.9 ¡æ£©£¬Óøõç³Øµç½â500 mL 2 mol¡¤L-1 CuSO4ÈÜÒº£¬Í¨µç0.50 minºó£¬ÀíÂÛÉÏ¿ÉÎö³ö½ðÊôÍ g¡£
2013Äê³õ£¬È«¹ú¸÷µØ¶à¸ö³ÇÊж¼ÔâÓö¡°Ê®Ãæö²·ü¡±£¬Ôì³É¡°Òõö²Ì족µÄÖ÷Òª¸ùÔ´Ö®Ò»ÊÇÆû³µÎ²ÆøºÍȼúβÆøÅŷųöÀ´µÄ¹ÌÌåС¿ÅÁ£¡£
Æû³µÎ²Æø¾»»¯µÄÖ÷ÒªÔÀíΪ£º2NO(g)+2CO(g)2CO2+N2¡£ÔÚÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öз¢Éú¸Ã·´Ó¦Ê±£¬c(CO2)ËæζÈ(T)¡¢´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ±íÃæ»ý(S)ºÍʱ¼ä(t)µÄ±ä»¯ÇúÏßÈçÏÂͼËùʾ¡£¾Ý´ËÅжϣº
£¨1£©¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª ·´Ó¦(Ìî¡°·ÅÈÈ¡±»ò¡°ÎüÈÈ¡±£©£ºÔÚT2ζÈÏ£¬0~2sÄÚµÄƽ¾ù·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ£ºv(N2)= £»£¨2£©µ±¹ÌÌå´ß»¯¼ÁµÄÖÊÁ¿Ò»¶¨Ê±£¬Ôö´óÆä±íÃæ»ý¿ÉÌá¸ß»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡£Èô´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ±íÃæ»ýS1>S2£¬ÔÚ´ðÌ⿨ÉÏ»³ö c(CO2)ÔÚT1¡¢S2Ìõ¼þÏ´ﵽƽºâ¹ý³ÌÖеı仯ÇúÏß¡£
£¨3£©Ä³¿ÆÑлú¹¹£¬ÔÚt1¡æÏ£¬Ìå»ýºã¶¨µÄÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖУ¬ÓÃÆøÌå´«¸ÐÆ÷²âµÃÁ˲»Í¬Ê±¼äµÄNOºÍCOµÄŨ¶È£¨¾ßÌåÊý¾Ý¼ûÏÂ±í£¬CO2ºÍN2µÄÆðʼŨ¶ÈΪ0£©¡£
ʱ¼ä/s | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
c(NO)/xl0-4mol L-1 | 10£®0 | 4£®50 | 2£®50 | 1£®50 | 1£®00 | 1£®00 |
c(CO)/xl0-3mol L-1 | 3£®60 | 3£®05 | 2£®85 | 2£®75 | 2£®70 | 2£®70 |
t1¡æʱ¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£ÊýK= £¬Æ½ºâʱNOµÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ ¡£
£¨4£©Èô¸Ã·´Ó¦ÔÚ¾øÈÈ¡¢ºãÈݵÄÃܱÕÌåϵÖнøÐУ¬ÏÂÁÐʾÒâͼÕýÈ·ÇÒÄÜ˵Ã÷·´Ó¦ÔÚ½øÐе½t1ʱ¿Ì´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬µÄÊÇ (Ìî´úºÅ£©¡££¨ÏÂͼÖÐvÕý¡¢K¡¢n¡¢m·Ö±ð±íʾÕý·´Ó¦ËÙÂÊ¡¢Æ½ºâ³£Êý¡¢ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ºÍÖÊÁ¿£©
£¨5£©ÃºÈ¼ÉÕ²úÉúµÄÑÌÆøÒ²º¬µªµÄÑõ»¯ÎÓÃCH4´ß»¯»¹ÔNOX¿ÉÒÔÏû³ýµªÑõ»¯ÎïµÄÎÛȾ¡£
ÒÑÖª£ºCH4(g)+2NO2(g) = N2 (g)+CO2 (g)+2H2O(g) ¡÷H=-867£®0kJ ? mol-1
2NO2 (g) N2O4 (g) ¡÷H=-56£®9kJ ? mol-1
H2O(g) = H2O(l) ¡÷H=-44£®0kJ ? mol-1
д³öCH4´ß»¯»¹ÔN2O4 (g)Éú³ÉN2 (g)¡¢CO2 (g)ºÍH2O(l)µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ ¡£
Á×ÔÚ×ÔÈ»½ç³£ÒÔÄÑÈÜÓÚË®µÄÁ×ËáÑÎÈçCa3(PO4)2µÈÐÎʽ´æÔÚ¡£ËüµÄµ¥Öʺͻ¯ºÏÎïÓÐ׏㷺µÄÓ¦Óá£
£¨1£©ºìÁ×P(s)ºÍCl2(g)·¢Éú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉPCl3(g)ºÍPCl5(g)¡£·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌºÍÄÜÁ¿¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£¨Í¼Öеġ÷H±íʾÉú³É1mol²úÎïµÄÊý¾Ý£©¡£
Çë»Ø´ðÎÊÌ⣺
¢ÙPCl5·Ö½â³ÉPCl3ºÍCl2µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÊÇ ¡£
¢ÚPºÍCl2·ÖÁ½²½·´Ó¦Éú³É1 mol PCl5µÄ¡÷H3£½ ¡£
£¨2£©PCl5·Ö½â³ÉPCl3ºÍCl2µÄ·´Ó¦ÊÇ¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦¡£T¡æʱ£¬Ïò2.0 LºãÈÝÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷ÖгäÈë1.0 mol PCl5£¬¾¹ý250 s´ïµ½Æ½ºâ¡£·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖвⶨµÄ²¿·ÖÊý¾Ý¼ûÏÂ±í£º
t / s | 0 | 50 | 150 | 250 | 350 |
n(PCl3) / mol | 0 | 0£®16 | 0£®19 | 0£®20 | 0£®20 |
¢Ù·´Ó¦ÔÚ50¡«150s ÄÚµÄƽ¾ùËÙÂÊv(PCl3)£½ ¡£
¢ÚÊÔ¼ÆËã¸ÃζÈÏ·´Ó¦µÄƽºâ³£Êý£¨Ð´³ö¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì£¬±£Áô2λÓÐЧÊý×Ö£©
£¨3£©NaH2PO4¡¢Na2HPO4ºÍNa3PO4¿Éͨ¹ýH3PO4ÓëNaOHÈÜÒº·´Ó¦»ñµÃ£¬º¬Á׸÷ÎïÖֵķֲ¼·ÖÊý(ƽºâʱijÎïÖÖµÄŨ¶ÈÕ¼¸÷ÎïÖÖŨ¶ÈÖ®ºÍµÄ·ÖÊý)ÓëpH µÄ¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ¡£
¢ÙΪ»ñµÃ½Ï´¿µÄNa2HPO4£¬pHÓ¦¿ØÖÆÔÚ £»pH£½6ʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÖ÷Òªº¬Á×ÎïÖÖŨ¶È´óС¹ØϵΪ£º ¡£
¢ÚNa2HPO4ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬¼ÓÈë×ãÁ¿µÄCaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔµÄÔÒòÊÇ£¨´ÓÀë×Óƽºâ½Ç¶È·ÖÎö£© ¡£
(1)¢Ù¸ù¾ÝÏÂÁÐͼʾ£¬Ð´³ö·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ____________________________
¢Ú¸ù¾ÝÈçͼËùʾÇé¿ö£¬ÅжÏÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ______________¡£
A£®ÆäÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCO(g)£«H2O(g)=CO2(g)£«H2(g)¡¡¦¤H£½41 kJ¡¤mol£1 |
B£®¸Ã·´Ó¦ÎªÎüÈÈ·´Ó¦ |
C£®¸Ã·´Ó¦Îª·ÅÈÈ·´Ó¦ |
D£®µ±H2OΪҺ̬ʱ£¬Æä·´Ó¦ÈÈֵСÓÚ41 kJ¡¤mol£1 |
(3)ÈçͼÊÇijζÈÏ£¬N2ÓëH2·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐÄÜÁ¿±ä»¯µÄÇúÏßͼ¡£¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ___________________________
a¡¢bÁ½ÌõÇúÏß²úÉúÇø±ðµÄÔÒòºÜ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ
_________________________________________________________________¡£