ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
18£®¹ý̼ËáÄÆ£¨Na2CO4£©ÔÚÏ´µÓ¡¢Ó¡È¾¡¢·ÄÖ¯¡¢ÔìÖ½¡¢Ò½Ò©ÎÀÉúµÈÁìÓòÓдóÁ¿Ó¦Óã¬Ä³»¯Ñ§Ñо¿ÐÔѧϰС×éÉè¼Æ²¢Íê³ÉÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飮²â¶¨¹ý̼ËáÄÆÑùÆ·£¨º¬ÓеÄÔÓÖʲ»ÈÜÓÚË®ÇÒ²»ÓëËá·´Ó¦£©µÄ´¿¶È£®ÊµÑéÔÀí2Na2CO4+4HCl¨T4NaCl+2CO2¡ü+O2¡ü+2H2O
ʵÑé×°ÖÃ
½»Á÷ÓëÌÖÂÛ
¢ñ£®¼×ͬѧÈÏΪ²â¶¨²úÎïÖÐO2µÄÌå»ý¼´¿É²â¶¨ÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶È£®
£¨1£©×°ÖâڵÄ×÷ÓÃÊdzýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå
£¨2£©×°Öâ۵Ä×÷ÓÃÊÇ£ºÑéÖ¤¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÇ·ñ±»³ý¾¡
£¨3£©³ÆÈ¡ÊÊÁ¿ÑùÆ·Óë×ãÁ¿Å¨ÑÎËá³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó£¬ÊÕ¼¯µ½µÄÑõÆøµÄÌå»ýΪ0.25L£¨ÒÑÖª¸ÃʵÑéÌõ¼þÏÂÑõÆøµÄÃܶÈΪ1.28g/L£©£¬Ôò³ÆÈ¡µÄÑùÆ·ÖÊÁ¿Ó¦´óÓÚ2.44g
¢ò£®ÒÒͬѧÈÏΪ²â¶¨²úÎïÖÐCO2µÄÖÊÁ¿£¨¼´·´Ó¦Ç°ºó×°ÖâڵÄÖÊÁ¿²î£©¾Í¿É²â¶¨ÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶È£®µ«ÀûÓÃÉÏÊöʵÑé×°ÖòâµÃCO2µÄÖÊÁ¿²¢¼ÆËãÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶È£¬½á¹û»áÆ«¸ß£¬ÄãÈÏΪÔÒò¿ÉÄÜÊÇABC£»£¨ÌîÐòºÅ£©
A£®Å¨ÑÎËáÒ×»Ó·¢£¬²úÉúµÄÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå±»×°ÖâÚÎüÊÕ
B£®¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÒݳöʱ´ø³öµÄË®ÕôÆøÔÚ×°ÖâÚÖÐÀäÄý¶ø±»ÎüÊÕ
C£®×°Öâ١¢¢ÚÄÚ¿ÕÆøÖеĶþÑõ»¯Ì¼±»×°ÖâÚÎüÊÕ
¢ó£®±ûͬѧÌá³öÁËÒ»ÖÖз½°¸£¬µÃµ½ÁË´ó¼ÒµÄÒ»ÖÂÈÏ¿É£º³ÆÈ¡ÑùÆ·12.5g£¬µÎ¼Ó×ãÁ¿Å¨ÑÎËáÖÁÑùÆ··´Ó¦ÍêÈ«£¬ÔÙ½«ÉÕÆ¿ÖÐËùÓеÄÒºÌåÕô·¢¡¢½á¾§¡¢ºæ¸É£¬³ÆµÃÂÈ»¯ÄƹÌÌå11.7g£®Ôò¸ÃÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶ÈΪ97.6%£®
·ÖÎö ¢ñ£®£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝʵÑéÔÀí2Na2CO4+4HCl¨T4NaCl+2CO2¡ü+O2¡ü+2H2O£¬Òª²â¶¨ÑõÆøµÄÁ¿£¬±ØÐëÏȳýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢ÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌåµÈ£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝʵÑé×°ÖÃͼ¼´¿ÉµÃ³ö´ð°¸£»
£¨2£©¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÄÜʹ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®±ä»ë×Ç£¬¿ÉÀûÓôËÏÖÏó¼ø±ð¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»
£¨3£©ÏÈÇó³öÑõÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÖÐÑõÆøÓë¹ý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿¹Øϵ£¬¼´¿ÉÁбÈÀýÇó½â³öÑùÆ·ÖеĹý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÄÇôÑùÆ·µÄÖÊÁ¿¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã´óÓÚÕâ¸öÖÊÁ¿£»
¢ò£®ÀíÂÛÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÉú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÁ¿ÇóÑùÆ·´¿¶È£¬µ«ÊÇʵ¼ÊÉÏÄÑÒÔͨ¹ýʵÑé²âµÃ´¿¾»µÄ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÖÊÁ¿£¬ÒòΪ·´Ó¦Ç°ºó×°ÖâڵÄÖÊÁ¿²îÖл¹°üÀ¨ÂÈ»¯ÇâºÍË®ÕôÆøµÄÖÊÁ¿£»ËùÒÔÄÑÒÔÇó½â£»
¢ó£®¸ù¾Ý»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÖÐÂÈ»¯ÄÆÓë¹ý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿¹Øϵ£¬¼´¿ÉÁбÈÀýÇó½âÑùÆ·ÖеĹý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£®
½â´ð ½â£º¢ñ£®£¨1£©×°ÖâÚÖÐŨÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄ×÷ÓÃÊdzýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌ壬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º³ýÈ¥¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ºÍÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌ壻
£¨2£©×°ÖâÛÖгÎÇåʯ»ÒË®µÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇÑéÖ¤¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÇ·ñ±»³ý¾¡£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÑéÖ¤¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÇ·ñ±»³ý¾¡£»
£¨3£©ÉèÊÕ¼¯µ½µÄÑõÆøµÄÌå»ýΪ0.25L£¬ÐèÒª¹ý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬
2Na2CO4+4HCl¨T4NaCl+2CO2¡ü+O2¡ü+2H2O
244 32
x 0.25L¡Á1.28g/L
x=2.44g£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2.44£»
¢ò£®²âµÃ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼µÄÌå»ýÆ«´ó£¬ÔÒò¿ÉÄÜÓУºÅ¨ÑÎËáÒ×»Ó·¢£¬²úÉúµÄÂÈ»¯ÇâÆøÌå±»×°ÖâÚÎüÊÕ£»¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌåÒݳöʱ´ø³öµÄË®ÕôÆøÔÚ×°ÖâÚÖÐÀäÄý¶ø±»ÎüÊÕ£»×°Öâ١¢¢ÚÄÚ¿ÕÆøÖеĶþÑõ»¯Ì¼±»×°ÖâÚÎüÊÕ£¬¹ÊÑ¡ABC£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºABC£»
¢ó£®ÉèÑùÆ·Öйý̼ËáÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£¬
2Na2CO4+4HCl¨T4NaCl+2CO2¡ü+O2¡ü+2H2O
244 234
y 11.7g
y=12.2g
¸ÃÑùÆ·µÄ´¿¶ÈΪ£º$\frac{12.2g}{12.5g}$¡Á100%=97.6%
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º97.6%£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éʵÑé×°ÖúͻìºÏÎïÖÐÑùÆ·´¿¶ÈµÄ¼ÆË㣮Óйػ¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽµÄ¼ÆË㣬ҪעÒâ´øÈë·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËãµÄ±ØÐëÊÇʵ¼Ê²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦»òʵ¼ÊÉú³ÉµÄÎïÖÊÖÊÁ¿£¬·ñÔò¾Í»áÔì³ÉʵÑé½á¹ûµÄÆ«´ó»òƫС£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | ʵÑéʽCH2 | B£® | ½á¹¹¼òʽCH2=CHCH3 | ||
C£® | Çò¹÷Ä£ÐÍ | D£® | ¾ÛºÏºóµÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ |
A£® | ÒÒÏ©µÄ½á¹¹¼òʽΪCH2CH2 | |
B£® | ¹âÕÕÌõ¼þÏÂ1molCH4Óë3molCl2·´Ó¦¿ÉÖƵÃ1molCHCl3 | |
C£® | Ϊ±½·Ö×ӵıÈÀýÄ£ÐÍ | |
D£® | ËùÓÐ̼Ô×ÓÓпÉÄܶ¼ÔÚͬһ¸öƽÃæÉÏ |
A£® | CO ȼÉÕµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ 2CO£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2CO2 £¨g£©¡÷H=+282.8kJ/mol | |
B£® | H2ȼÉÕµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ 2H2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©¨T2H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-571.6kJ/mol | |
C£® | ȼÉÕÇ°µÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖУ¬H2µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ40% | |
D£® | »ìºÏÆøÌåȼÉÕºóÓë×ãÁ¿µÄ¹ýÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵç×Ó2mol |
Ñ¡Ïî | ¼× | ÒÒ | ±û | ¶¡ |
A | CH¡ÔCH | CH2=CH2 | CH2BrCH2Br | CH2OHCH2OH |
B | NaAlO2 | Al£¨OH£©3 | Al2O3 | Al |
C | CH3CH2OH | CH3CHO | CH3COOH | CH3COOC2H5 |
D | SiO2 | H2SiO3 | Na2SiO3 | Si |
A£® | A | B£® | B | C£® | C | D£® | D |
A£® | ʵÑéÊÒÓÃͺÍŨÁòËá·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡ÁòËáÍ | |
B£® | ʵÑéÊÒÓÃͺÍÏ¡ÏõËá·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡Ò»Ñõ»¯µª | |
C£® | ¹¤ÒµÉÏÀûÓõªÆøÓëÇâÆøÖÆÈ¡°±Æø | |
D£® | ¹¤ÒµÉÏÓý¹Ì¿»¹ÔÈýÑõ»¯¶þÌúÖÆÈ¡Ìú |