ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÓÐÏÂÁÐËÄÖÖÈÜÒº£º
¢Ù | ¢Ú | ¢Û | ¢Ü |
0£®1mol/L NaOHÈÜÒº | pH =" 11" NaOHÈÜÒº | 0£®1mol/L CH3COOHÈÜÒº | pH =" 3" CH3COOHÈÜÒº |
ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ (¡¡¡¡)
A£®ÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc(H+)£º¢Ù£¾¢Û
B£®¢ÛÏ¡Ê͵½ÔÀ´µÄ100±¶ºó£¬pHÓë¢ÜÏàͬ
C£®¢ÚÓë¢Ü»ìºÏ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÔòËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È¿ÉÄÜΪ£º
c(CH3COO-)£¾c(H+)£¾c(Na+)£¾c(OH-)
D£®¢ÙÓë¢Û»ìºÏ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºpH = 7£¬ÔòV(NaOH)£¾V(CH3COOH)
C
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£ºA¡¢0.1mol/LNaOHÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©Îª10-13mol/L£¬0.1mol/L CH3COOHÈÜÒº£¬c£¨H+£©£¼0.1mol/L£¬ÔòÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©´óÓÚ10-13mol/L£¬ËùÒÔÓÉË®µçÀë³öµÄc£¨H+£©Îª¢Ù£¼¢Û£¬´íÎó£»B¡¢0.1mol/L CH3COOHÈÜÒº£¬c£¨H+£©£¼0.1mol/L£¬ÔòpH£¾1£¬¿ÉÄÜΪ3£¬Ï¡ÊÍ100±¶£¬pHÔö´ó£¬Ôò¢ÛÓë¢ÜµÄpH´óСÎÞ·¨È·¶¨£¬´íÎó£»C¡¢¢ÚÓë¢Ü»ìºÏ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ£¬ÔòΪ´×ËáÄÆÓë´×ËáµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº£¬´×ËáµçÀë´óÓÚ´×Ëá¸ùÀë×ÓË®½â£¬Èô´×Ëá½Ï¶à£¬Ôòc£¨H+£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¬½áºÏµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖªÈÜÒºÖÐÀë×ÓŨ¶È¿ÉÄÜΪc£¨CH3COO-£©£¾c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨Na+£©£¾c£¨OH-£©£¬ÕýÈ·£»D¡¢¢ÙÓë¢Û»ìºÏ£¬ÈôÈÜÒºpH=7£¬c£¨H+£©=c£¨OH-£©£¬ÓɵçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖªc£¨CH3COO-£©=c£¨Na+£©£¬ÔòΪ´×ËáºÍ´×ËáÄƵĻìºÏÒº£¬´×ËáŨ¶È´óÓÚNaOHÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶È£¬Âú×ã´×Ëá¹ýÁ¿¼´¿É£¬ËùÒÔV£¨NaOH£©¡ÜV£¨CH3COOH£©£¬»òV£¨NaOH£©£¾V£¨CH3COOH£©Ò²¿ÉÄÜ£¬´íÎó¡£
¿¼µã£º¿¼²éËá¼î»ìºÏpHµÄÅжϼ°ÈÜÒºËá¼îÐԵķÖÎö
µç½âÖÊÈÜÒºÓÐÐí¶àÆæÃîÖ®´¦£¬ÄãÖ»ÓÐÉîÈë˼¿¼£¬²ÅÄÜÌå»áµ½ËüµÄÀÖȤ¡£ÏÂÁйØÓÚµç½âÖÊÈÜÒºµÄÐðÊöÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®Na2CO3¡¢NaHCO3Á½ÖÖÑÎÈÜÒºÖУ¬Àë×ÓÖÖÀ಻Ïàͬ |
B£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬1mol/LµÄCH3COOHÈÜÒºÓë1mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬ËùµÃ»ìºÏÒºÖУºc(Na+) £¾c(CH3COO-) £¾c£¨H+£©£¾c(OH-) |
C£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàͬµÄNH4ClºÍNH4HSO4Á½ÖÖÈÜÒºÖУ¬c(NH4+)Ç°ÕßСÓÚºóÕß |
D£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬Ä³ÈÜÒºÖÐÓÐË®µçÀë³öµÄc(H+)=10-51mol¡¤L-1£¬Ôò´ËÈÜÒº¿ÉÄÜÊÇÑÎËá |
ȡŨ¶ÈÏàͬµÄNaOHºÍHClÈÜÒº£¬ÒÔ3¡Ã2Ìå»ý±ÈÏà»ìºÏ£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºµÄpHµÈÓÚ12£¬ÔòÔÈÜÒºµÄŨ¶ÈΪ
A£®0.01 mol¡¤L£1 | B£®0.017 mol¡¤L£1 | C£®0.05 mol¡¤L£1 | D£®0.50 mol¡¤L£1 |
½«ÏÂÁÐÈÜÒº·Ö±ðÕô¸É²¢×ÆÉÕ£¬Äܵõ½ÈÜÖʵÄÊÇ
A£®FeCl3 | B£®AlCl3 | C£®Na2CO3 | D£®NaHCO3 |
ÔÚ25¡æʱ£¬ÔÚŨ¶ÈΪ1 mol¡¤L-1µÄ(NH4)2SO4¡¢(NH4)2CO3¡¢(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2µÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬²âµÃÆäc(NH4+)·Ö±ðΪa¡¢b¡¢c(µ¥Î»Îªmol¡¤L-1)ÏÂÁÐÅжÏÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ )
A£®a£¾b£¾c | B£®b£¾a£¾c | C£®c£¾b£¾a | D£®c£¾a£¾b |
Ò»¶¨Î¶ÈÏ£¬¼×¡¢ÒÒÁ½Æ¿°±Ë®µÄŨ¶È·Ö±ðΪ1mol/LºÍ0.1mol/L£¬Ôò¼×¡¢ÒÒÁ½Æ¿°±Ë®ÖÐc(OH¡ª)
Ö®±ÈΪ
A£®´óÓÚ10 | B£®Ð¡ÓÚ10 | C£®µÈÓÚ10 | D£®ÎÞ·¨È·¶¨ |
ÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºÖÐÓйØ΢Á£µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¹ØϵÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÏàµÈµÄ¢Ù NH4HSO4ÈÜÒº¡¢¢Ú NH4HCO3ÈÜÒº¡¢¢Û NH4ClÈÜÒºÖУ¬pHµÄ´óС¹Øϵ£º¢Ú>¢Ù>¢Û |
B£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«CH3COONaÈÜÒººÍÏ¡ÑÎËá»ìºÏÖÁÈÜÒºpH£½7£º c(Na£«)>c(CH3COO£)>c(Cl£)£½c(CH3COOH)>c(H£«)£½c(OH£) |
C£®³£ÎÂÏ£¬pH£½6µÄNaHSO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc(SO32-)£c(H2SO3)£½9.9¡Á10£7 mol¡¤L£1 |
D£®ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈÖ®±ÈΪ1¡Ã2µÄNaClO¡¢NaHCO3»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУº |
¶ÔÓÚ³£ÎÂÏÂPHΪ2µÄÑÎËᣬÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®c(H+) = c(Cl¡ª) + c(OH¡ª) |
B£®ÓÉH2OµçÀë³öµÄc(H+) =" 1.0" ¡Á10¡ª12 mol¡¤L¡ª1 |
C£®ÓëµÈÌå»ýPH=12µÄ°±Ë®»ìºÏºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÏÔËáÐÔ |
D£®ÓëµÈÌå»ý0.01 mol¡¤L¡ª1ÒÒËáÄÆÈÜÒº»ìºÏºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖУºc(Cl¡ª) = c(CH3COO¡ª) |
ÊÒÎÂÏÂ,ÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÍ,ËùµÃÈÜÒºpHµÄÒ»¶¨´óÓÚ7µÄÊÇ£¨ £©
A£®0.1mol.l-1ÑÎËáÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol.l-1ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº |
B£®0.1mol.l-1ÑÎËáÈÜÒººÍ0.1mol.l-1ÇâÑõ»¯±µÈÜÒº |
C£®pH =4´×ËáÈÜÒººÍpH =10ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº |
D£®pH =4ÑÎËáÈÜÒººÍpH =10ÇâÑõ»¯±µÈÜÒº |