ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿Ì½¾¿NaHSO3ÈÜÒº·Ö±ðÓëCuCl2¡¢CuSO4ÈÜÒºµÄ·´Ó¦¡£
ÒÑÖª£º¢Ù£¨ÉîÀ¶É«ÈÜÒº£©
¢Ú
»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
(1)ʵÑé¢ñ²úÉúµÄÎÞÉ«ÆøÌåΪSO2¡£ÓÃÕºÓеâË®µÄµí·ÛÊÔÖ½½Ó½üÊԹܿڣ¬¹Û²ìµ½_________________________£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ______________________¡£
(2)¶ÔʵÑé¢ñ²úÉúSO2µÄÔÒò½øÐзÖÎö£¬Ìá³öÁ½ÖÖ¼ÙÉ裺
¢ÙCu2+Ë®½âʹÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)Ôö´ó£»
¢ÚCl£´æÔÚʱ£¬Cu2+Óë·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCuCl°×É«³Áµí£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc(H+)Ôö´ó¡£
ʵÑéÖ¤Ã÷£¬¢Ù²»ºÏÀí£¬ÊµÑéÖ¤¾ÝÊÇ____________________£»¢ÚºÏÀí£¬ÊµÑé¢ñ·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽÓÐ_________________________¡¢H++£½SO2¡ü+H2O¡£
(3)ͨ¹ý·ÖÎöʵÑé¢ñ¡¢¢ò£¬¿ÉÖª£ºCl£ÔöÇ¿ÁËCu2+µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ¡£ÏÂÊöʵÑé֤ʵÁ˴˽áÂÛ¡£ÊµÑé·½°¸£º±ÕºÏK£¬µçѹ±íµÄÖ¸ÕëƫתÖÁ¡°x¡±´¦£»ÏòUÐιÜ___________(²¹È«ÊµÑé²Ù×÷¼°ÏÖÏó)¡£×°ÖÃÖУ¬ÑÎÇŵÄ×÷ÓÃÊÇ______________________________(´ð³öÁ½Ìõ¼´¿É)¡£
(4)½«ÊµÑé¢òµÄÈÜÒº¾²ÖÃ24Сʱ»ò¼ÓÈȺ󣬵õ½ºìÉ«³Áµí¡£¾¼ìÑ飬ºìÉ«³ÁµíÖк¬ÓÐCu+¡¢Cu2+ºÍ¡£Éè¼ÆʵÑ飬֤Ã÷ºìÉ«³ÁµíÖк¬ÓÐCu+__________________¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿À¶É«ÍÊÈ¥ SO2+I2+2H2O£½+2I£+4H+ ʵÑé¢ñ¡¢¢òÖÐc(Cu2+)Ïàͬ£¬µ«ÊµÑé¢òÖÐδ¼ûÆøÅÝ 2Cu2++2Cl£++H2O£½2CuCl¡ý++3H+ ÓÒ²à¼ÓÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿NaCl¹ÌÌ壬Èܽâºó£¬¹Û²ìµ½µçѹ±íÖ¸Õëƫת±ä´ó ¸ôÀëÁ½¼«Çøµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£»Ê¹Àë×Ó¶¨ÏòÒƶ¯£¬¹¹³É±ÕºÏ»Ø·£»Æ½ºâÁ½¼«ÇøµçºÉ È¡Ï´¾»µÄºìÉ«¹ÌÌåÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¼Ó×ãÁ¿Å¨°±Ë®£¬³ÁµíÈܽ⣬µÃµ½Ç³À¶É«ÈÜÒº£¬Â¶ÖÃÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÈÜÒº±äΪÉîÀ¶É«£¬¼´¿ÉÖ¤Ã÷ºìÉ«¹ÌÌåÖк¬ÓÐCu+
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
±¾ÊµÑéͨ¹ý̽¾¿NaHSO3·Ö±ðÓëCuCl2ºÍCuSO4ÈÜÒºµÄ·´Ó¦·¢ÏÖ£¬CuCl2ÈÜÒº¿ÉÒÔÓëNaHSO3ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆøÌåºÍ°×É«³Áµí£¬Í¨¹ý½øÒ»²½µÄʵÑé̽¾¿ÆøÌå²úÉúµÄÔÒòºÍ°×É«³ÁµíµÄÖ÷Òª³É·Ö£¬Í¨¹ýʵÑéµÃ³öÓÉÓÚCl-µÄ´æÔÚʹµÃÈÜÒºÖвúÉúµÄÆøÌåºÍ°×É«³Áµí£¬ÔÒòÊÇCl-µÄ´æÔÚʹµÃCu2+µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔÔöÇ¿£¬Cu2+ÓëÑÇÁòËáÇâ¸ù·¢Éú·´Ó¦Éú³É´óÁ¿µÄÇâÀë×Ó£¬ÍÀë×Ó±»»¹ÔΪÑÇÍÀë×Ó£¬ÇâÀë×ÓÓëÈÜÒºÖеÄÑÇÁòËáÇâ¸ù·´Ó¦Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯ÁòÆøÌ壬ÑÇÍÀë×ÓÓëÈÜÒºÖеÄÂÈÀë×Ó·´Ó¦Éú³É°×É«³Áµí£¬¾Ý´Ë·ÖÎö¡£
(1)ÈôʵÑé¢ñ²úÉúµÄÆøÌåΪSO2£¬SO2Óл¹ÔÐÔ£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«I2»¹ÔΪI-£¬·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪSO2+I2+2H2O£½+2I£+4H+£¬Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ²»¶Ï½øÐУ¬µâË®Öеĵ⺬Á¿²»¶Ï½µµÍ£¬¹Ê·´Ó¦ÏÖÏóΪÀ¶É«ÍÊÈ¥£»
(2)·ÖÎöÁ½×éʵÑ飬Á½¸öʵÑéÖж¼´æÔÚCu2+£¬µ«ÊÇʵÑé¢òÖÐδ¼ûÆøÅÝ£¬ËµÃ÷ʵÑé¢ñ²úÉúµÄSO2ÓëCu2+µÄË®½âÎ޹أ¬µ«ÊÇÓÉÓÚÁ½×éÊÔÑéËù¼ÓÈëµÄÍÑÎÖÐÒõÀë×Ó²»Í¬£¬ËµÃ÷ÊÇÒõÀë×ӵIJ»Í¬µ¼ÖÂSO2µÄÉú³É£¬ÊµÑé¢ñÖÐÔÚCl-µÄ´æÔÚÏÂCu2+Óë·¢Éú·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCuCl³Áµí£¬ÔòʵÑé¢ñËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ2Cu2++2Cl£++H2O£½2CuCl¡ý++3H+¡¢H++£½SO2¡ü+H2O£»
(3)ÈôÒªÑéÖ¤Cl-¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓCu2+µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÐèÏòÁòËáÍÒ»²àÖмÓÈëCl-£¬µ«²»ÄܸıäCu2+Ũ¶È£¬¹ÊÖ»ÄܼÓÈë¿ÉÈÜÐÔÂÈÑιÌÌ壬ͬʱÑÎÖÐÑôÀë×Ó²»ÄܸıäÈÜÒºËá¼îÐÔ£¬¿ÉÒÔÏòÁòËáÍÒ»²à¼ÓÈëNaCl¹ÌÌ壨»òKCl¹ÌÌ壩£¬´ý¹ÌÌåÈܽâºó¹Û²ìµçѹ±íÖ¸ÕëµÄƫת³Ì¶È£¬Ö¸Õëƫת±ä´ó˵Ã÷Cl-¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓCu2+µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ£»ÔÚ×°ÖÃÖмÓÈëÑÎÇÅ¿ÉÒԺܺõÄ×è¸ôUÐ͹ÜÁ½¶ËµÄµç½âÖÊÈÜÒº£¬Ëæ×Å·´Ó¦µÄ²»¶Ï½øÐÐUÐ͹ÜÁ½¶ËÀë×ÓµçºÉ²»Æ½ºâ£¬ÑÎÇÅ¿ÉÒÔƽºâÁ½¼«ÇøµçºÉ£¬Í¬Ê±ÑÎÇÅÖеÄÀë×Ó»¹¿ÉÒÔ¶¨ÏòÒƶ¯£¬¹¹³É±ÕºÏ»Ø·£»
(4) ½«ÊµÑé¢òµÄÈÜÒº¾²ÖÃ24Сʱ»ò¼ÓÈȺ󣬵õ½ºìÉ«³Áµí£¬ºìÉ«³ÁµíÖк¬ÓÐCu+¡¢Cu2+ºÍ£¬ÈôÒªÑéÖ¤ºìÉ«³ÁµíÖÐÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐCu+£¬¿ÉÒÔ½«ºìÉ«¹ÌÌåÈÜÓÚŨ°±Ë®ÖУ¬´ËʱÓÉÓÚºìÉ«³ÁµíÖк¬ÓÐCu2+£¬Ê¹ÈÜÒº±ä³ÉdzÀ¶É«£¬ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖзÅÖÃÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÈÜÒº±ä³ÉÉîÀ¶É«£¬ÕâÊÇÓÉÓÚºìÉ«³ÁµíÖк¬ÓÐCu+£¬ÔÚŨ°±Ë®Öз¢ÉúÒÑÖªÌõ¼þ¢ÚµÄ·´Ó¦£¬Ò»¶Îʱ¼äÒÔºóCu+±»¿ÕÆøÖеÄÑõÆøÑõ»¯Éú³ÉCu2+£¬Ê¹ÈÜÒºÑÕÉ«¼ÓÉ¾ßÌåµÄʵÑé²½ÖèΪ£ºÈ¡Ï´¾»µÄºìÉ«¹ÌÌåÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬µÎ¼Ó×ãÁ¿Å¨°±Ë®£¬³ÁµíÈܽ⣬µÃµ½Ç³À¶É«ÈÜÒº£¬Â¶ÖÃÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖÐÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºóÈÜÒº±äΪÉîÀ¶É«£¬¼´¿ÉÖ¤Ã÷ºìÉ«¹ÌÌåÖк¬ÓÐCu+¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿³£ÎÂÏÂŨ¶È¾ùΪ0.1mol/L µÄËÄÖÖÑÎÈÜÒº£¬ÆäpH Èç±íËùʾ£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨ £©
ÐòºÅ | ¢Ù | ¢Ú | ¢Û | ¢Ü |
ÈÜÒº | CH3COONa | NaHCO3 | Na2CO3 | NaClO |
pH | 8.8 | 9.7 | 11.6 | 10.3 |
A. ½«µÈŨ¶ÈµÄCH3COOH ºÍHClOÈÜÒº£¬pHСµÄÊÇHClO
B. Na2CO3ºÍNaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖÐÁ£×ÓÖÖÀ಻ͬ
C. ÈÜҺˮµÄµçÀë³Ì¶È£º¢Ù>¢Ú>¢Ü>¢Û
D. NaHCO3ÈÜÒºÖУºc (Na+) =c (CO32- )+c (HCO3- )+c (H2CO3)