题目内容

【题目】阅读下面这首唐诗,完成后面的题目。

咏怀二首(其二)

李贺

日夕著书罢,惊霜落素丝。

镜中聊自笑,讵是南山期

头上无幅巾,苦蘗已染衣

不见清溪鱼,饮水得相宜?

【注】 ①南山期:指长寿。②苦蘗已染衣:指穿着苦蘗染就的黄衣。

(1)“惊霜落素丝”是什么意思?这一句在全诗中有什么作用?请简要分析。

答:________________________________________________________________________

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(2)请结合具体内容,分析这首诗所表达的思想感情。

答:________________________________________________________________________

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【答案】(1)对如霜的白发掉落下来感到非常震惊。写出了作者的现状和内心感受,是作者感情抒发的触动点。

(2)①对人生苦短、沉沦不遇的感慨。作者傍晚著书完毕,发现白发掉落,于是感慨人生苦短;作者成天苦吟,是为了排遣沉沦不遇的苦闷。②对贫苦生活的无奈。作者头上不裹“幅巾”,穿着苦蘗染就的黄衣,生活清贫,只好用喝清水的鱼来自我宽慰。

【解析】 在这首诗里,李贺比较具体地描述了自己赋闲在家的生活和思想状况。全诗叹“老”嗟贫,充满忧伤绝望的情绪。

首联两句写作者傍晚著书完毕,发现头上白发如霜且丝丝掉落,感到很震惊,不禁感慨万千。三、四句写自己看到白发以后的反应。尽管表面显得很轻松,却掩藏不了内心深处的痛苦,端详着镜中早衰的容颜,不禁暗自发笑:像我这样终日愁苦,年纪轻轻就生了白发,哪会有南山之寿!作者这时已由“早衰”想到“早死”,流露出悲观绝望的情绪。他的笑,不过是一种无可奈何的苦笑而已。

后四句写作者乡居时的贫苦生活:头上不裹“幅巾”,任凭风吹日晒,身上穿着用苦蘗染就的黄衣,与乡野之人无异。写到极苦处,忽然宕开一笔,故意自宽自解:“不见清溪鱼,饮水得相宜?”——那些生活在清溪里的鱼儿,除了水,什么可吃的东西也没有,可它们还是怡然自得,尽情嬉戏。同鱼儿相比,我还有什么不满足的呢?这里形式上是转折,意义上是发展、深化,作者表现出的超然态度,有力地烘托了他的悲苦情怀。

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相关题目

【题目】 The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been added - a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a flesh cycle of sunspots that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam the telecommunications satellites and interact links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.

"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire.

At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter. " A coronal mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometers per hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth "If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.

【1】 The phrase "communications blackout" in paragraph 1 most probably refers to _______during the 2012 Olympics.

A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

C. the transportation breakdown in London

D. the destruction of weather satellites

【2】 What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

A. The most fatal matter from the corona falls onto Earth.

B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

【3】 According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to _________.

A. take images of the solar system

B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

C. keep track of solar activities

D. improve the communications on Earth

【4】Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer

B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger

C. Solar Storms: Threatening the Human Race

D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled

【题目】

A lecturer was giving a lecture to his students on stress management. He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, How heavy do you think this glass of water is?

All of the students tried to answer the question, and their answers ranged from 20g to 5OOg.

It does not matter on the absolute weight. It depends on how long you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for an hour,l will have an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to call an ambulance. It is exactly the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.

If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, we will not be able to carry on, because the burden is becoming increasingly heavier.

What you have to do is to put the glass down, rest for a while before holding it again.

We have to put down the burden periodically(定期地;周期性地),so that we can be refreshed and are able to carry on. Otherwise I think that we will break down on the half way and cant realize our dream as we planned.All of us should really keep this in mind.

Before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down. Dont carry it back home. You can pick it up tomorrow.

Whatever burden you are having now on your shoulders, let it down for a moment if you can. If you do like this, you can greatly improve your work efficiency(效率) and life quality.

Life is short; lets enjoy it to the fullest.

根据短文内容完成表格,一空一词。

Title

How to relax ourselves

Theme

Put down the burden to get【1】 _______.

The lecturers question

How heavy is the glass of water?

The question was raised on 【2】 _______ stress.

The students answer

The students gave answers from 20g to 500g.

The lecturers explanations

The weight of the glass of water 【3】 _______ on the time of holding it.

The longer you hold it, the heavier it will become.

Hold it for a minute, and you will feel 【4】 _______.

If you hold it for an hour, your right arm will ache.

An ambulance will have to be 【5】 _______ if you hold it for a day.

If we carry the burden too long, we will be 【6】 _______ to carry on.

The methods to relax

To relax, you must put the glass down.

After a 【7】 ______ , hold the glass up again.

Put down the burden 【8】 _______ to get refreshed to carry on.

The writers 【9】 _______

Put down the burden of work before

you go home and pick it up tomorrow.

Let down the burden on your【10】 _______to rest for a while.

Enjoy your life.

【题目】阅读下面的文字,回答下列各题。

人体细胞生物传感器分子机理首次揭开

《科技日报》华盛顿201167 美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员6日表示,他们首次发现了人体细胞生物传感器分子的机理,为复杂的细胞控制系统提出了新的阐述。相关内容将以“本周论文”的形式刊登在610出版的《生物化学杂志》上,该成果有望帮助人们开发出应对高血压病和遗传性癫痫症等疾病的特殊疗法。

人体细胞控制系统能够引发一系列的细胞活动,而生物传感器是人体细胞控制系统的重要组成部分。被称为“控制环”的传感器能够在细胞膜上打开特定的通道让钾离子流通过细胞膜,如同地铁入站口能够让人们进入站台的回转栏。钾离子参与了人体内的关键活动,如血压、胰岛素分泌和大脑信号等的调整。然而,控制环传感器的生物物理功能过去一直未被人们了解。

研究人员发现,如同能够监视周围环境并能发出声信号的烟雾报警器一样,细胞能够通过了解变化和产生反应的分子传感器来控制细胞内的环境。当钙离子与控制环结合时,构成了被称为BK通道的细胞内部结构,细胞做出的反应是允许钾离子通过细胞膜。BK通道存在于人体多数细胞中,它们掌控着基本的生物过程,如血压、大脑和神经系统电信号、膀胱肌肉收缩和胰腺胰岛素分泌等。

加州大学洛杉矶分校研究人员首次证明控制环如何被激活,以及如何重新调整自己以便打开让钾离子穿过细胞膜的通道。利用实验室中先进的电生理学、生化和光谱仪技术,研究人员观察到钙离子与控制环的结合以及控制环结构的变化。该变化是其将钙离子结合的化学能转化为帮助打开BK通道的机械能。

研究负责人、洛杉矶分校麻醉学系分子医学部副教授里卡多·奥尔塞斯表示,在类似于活细胞的条件下,他们能够控制发生在生物传感器中的生物物理变化。他们相信细胞中的变化反映了人体中BK通道运行时分子的活动情况。

研究报告作者安诺希·贾沃荷瑞恩认为,人体分子生物传感器是令人兴奋的研究领域,希望研究成果能够让人类更深入地了解复杂的生物传感器是如何运作的。由于BK通道和其传感器与正常生理机能的许多方面相关,因此研究人员还相信,生物传感器工作过程也许与疾病的不少方面相关,例如,已证明BK传感器的失常与遗传性癫痫症有关。

研究人员将进一步了解BK控制环感应器以及通道是否涉及传感小分子(而不是钙离子),这些小分子在人体工作中同样也具有十分重要的生物意义。

(有删改)

1下列表述,符合原文意思的两项是( )

A.研究人员首次发现了人体细胞生物传感器分子的机理,为复杂的细胞控制系统提出了新的阐述,该发现能帮助人们开发出应对高血压病和遗传性癫痫症等疾病的特殊疗法。

B.钾离子掌控着基本的生物过程,如血压、大脑和神经系统电信号、膀胱肌肉收缩和胰腺胰岛素分泌等。

C.研究人员表示,在类似于活细胞的条件下,他们能够控制发生在生物传感器中的生物物理变化。他们相信细胞中的变化反映了人体中BK通道运行时分子的活动情况。

D.利用实验室,研究人员观察到控制环结构的变化。该变化是其将钙离子结合的机械能转化为帮助打开BK通道的化学能。

E.控制环传感器的生物物理功能过去一直未被人们了解,而现在加州大学洛杉矶分校研究者发现并揭开了它的分子机理。

2美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员有哪些新的发现?请具体作答。

答:________________________________________________________________________

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3指出本文采用了哪些说明方法。(至少两种,要求列举原文说明)

答:________________________________________________________________________

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4文本中分别引用了研究负责人奥尔塞斯和研究报告作者贾沃荷瑞恩两人的话,文本的引用意图是否一致?这些能否变成本文作者的表述?

答:________________________________________________________________________

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