ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
Ëá¡¢¼î¡¢ÑÎÊÇÓй㷺ÓÃ;µÄÖØÒª»¯ºÏÎij»¯Ñ§»î¶¯Ð¡×éµÄͬѧΧÈÆÕ⼸À໯ºÏÎï½øÐÐÁËһϵÁеÄ̽¾¿»î¶¯£®£¨1£©Í¬Ñ§ÃÇ´ò¿ªÊ¢Å¨ÑÎËáºÍŨÁòËáÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿µÄÆ¿¸Ç£¬Á¢¼´¾ÍÄÜ°ÑËüÃÇÇø·Ö¿ªÀ´£¬ÕâÊÇΪʲô£¿
£¨2£©ÈçͼÊÇijÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿±êÇ©ÉϵÄÄÚÈÝ£®Òª°Ñ30 gÕâÖÖŨÁòËáÏ¡ÊÍΪ40%µÄÁòËᣬÐèҪˮµÄÖÊÁ¿Îª
ŨÁòËᣨ·ÖÎö´¿£© »¯Ñ§Ê½£ºH2SO4 Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿£º98 Ãܶȣº1.84g/cm3 ÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£º98% |
£¨4£©ÎªÌ½¾¿Ò»Æ¿ÇâÑõ»¯ÄƹÌÌåµÄ±äÖÊÇé¿ö£¬Í¬Ñ§ÃǽøÐÐÁËÈçÏÂʵÑ飮
¢ÙÈ¡ÉÙÁ¿¸Ã¹ÌÌåÑùÆ·ÖÃÓÚÊÔ¹ÜÖУ¬ÏòÆäÖмÓÈëÒ»ÖÖÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬·¢ÏÖÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÑùÆ·Öк¬ÓÐ̼ËáÄÆ£¬ÓÉ´Ë¿ÉÈ·¶¨¸Ã¹ÌÌåÒÑ·¢Éú±äÖÊ£®ÔòÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº¿ÉÄÜÊÇ
¢ÚΪ̽¾¿¸Ã¹ÌÌåÖÐÊÇ·ñ»¹ÓÐδ±äÖʵÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£¬Í¬Ñ§ÃÇÓÖ½øÐÐÁËÈçϱíËùʾµÄʵÑ飮ÒÑ֪̼ËáÄƵÄË®ÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ËüµÄ´æÔÚ»á¶ÔÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵļìÑéÔì³É¸ÉÈÅ£®Çë¸ù¾ÝͼÖв¿·ÖÎïÖʵÄÈܽâÐÔ±í£¨20¡æ£©ËùÌṩµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬½«Ï±íÌîдÍêÕû£®
ÑôÀë×Ó\ÒõÀë×Ó | OH- | NO3- | Cl- | SO42- | CO32- |
H+ | ÈÜ¡¢»Ó | ÈÜ¡¢»Ó | ÈÜ | ÈÜ¡¢»Ó | |
Na+ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ |
Ba2+ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ | ÈÜ | ²»ÈÜ | ²»ÈÜ |
ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ | ʵÑé²Ù×÷ | ÏÖÏó | ½áÂÛ»ò»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ |
³ýȥ̼ËáÄÆ |
È¡ÉÙÁ¿¸Ã¹ÌÌåÑùÆ·ÈÜÓÚË®Åä³ÉÈÜÒº£¬µÎ¼ÓÊÊÁ¿µÄ ³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºó¹ýÂË |
Óа×É«³ÁµíÉú³É |
Óйط´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ |
¼ìÑéÊÇ·ñº¬ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ | ÔÚÂËÒºÖеμӷÓ̪ÈÜÒº | ¸ÃÑùÆ·Öк¬ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ |
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©Å¨ÑÎËáÓлӷ¢ÐÔ£¬Å¨ÁòËáûÓлӷ¢ÐÔ£»
£¨2£©ÈÜҺϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿²»±ä£»Å¨ÁòËáÏ¡ÊÍ»á·Å³ö´óÁ¿µÄÈÈ£»
£¨3£©Ì¼Ëá¸Æ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕÉú³ÉÑõ»¯¸ÆºÍ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬Ñõ»¯¸ÆºÍË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯¸Æ£»
£¨4£©Óɱí¿É֪̼Ëá±µ²»ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ËùÒÔ³ýȥ̼ËáÄÆ¿ÉÓÃÂÈ»¯±µ»òÏõËá±µ£¬Ê¹Ì¼ËáÄÆת»¯ÎªÌ¼Ëá±µ³Áµí³ýÈ¥£»µ«³ýȥ̼ËáÄƺóÒª¼ìÑéÓÐÎÞÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ´æÔÚ£¬¼´ÓÃÊÔ¼Á¼ìÑéÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔ֮ǰҲ²»ÄÜÓÃÇâÑõ»¯±µÀ´³ý̼ËáÄÆ£®
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¬ÀûÓÃÑÎËáÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿¿ÉÇó³öÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬½ø¶øÇó³öÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
£¨2£©ÈÜҺϡÊ͹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿²»±ä£»Å¨ÁòËáÏ¡ÊÍ»á·Å³ö´óÁ¿µÄÈÈ£»
£¨3£©Ì¼Ëá¸Æ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕÉú³ÉÑõ»¯¸ÆºÍ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬Ñõ»¯¸ÆºÍË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯¸Æ£»
£¨4£©Óɱí¿É֪̼Ëá±µ²»ÈÜÓÚË®£¬ËùÒÔ³ýȥ̼ËáÄÆ¿ÉÓÃÂÈ»¯±µ»òÏõËá±µ£¬Ê¹Ì¼ËáÄÆת»¯ÎªÌ¼Ëá±µ³Áµí³ýÈ¥£»µ«³ýȥ̼ËáÄƺóÒª¼ìÑéÓÐÎÞÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ´æÔÚ£¬¼´ÓÃÊÔ¼Á¼ìÑéÈÜÒº³Ê¼îÐÔ£¬ËùÒÔ֮ǰҲ²»ÄÜÓÃÇâÑõ»¯±µÀ´³ý̼ËáÄÆ£®
£¨5£©¸ù¾ÝÑÎËáºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£¬ÀûÓÃÑÎËáÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿¿ÉÇó³öÉú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿£¬½ø¶øÇó³öÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊý£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÒòΪŨÑÎËáÓлӷ¢ÐÔ£¬´ò¿ªÊ¢Å¨ÑÎËáºÍŨÁòËáÊÔ¼ÁÆ¿µÄÆ¿¸Ç£¬Ê¢Å¨ÑÎËáµÄÆ¿¿Ú³öÏÖ°×Îí£¬¶øʢŨÁòËáµÄÆ¿¿ÚûÓа×Îí£¬ËùÒÔÁ¢¼´¾ÍÄÜ°ÑËüÃÇÇø·Ö¿ªÀ´£®
£¨2£©ÉèÐèҪˮµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬ÔòÓУº30g¡Á98%=£¨30g+x£©¡Á40% ½âµÃ£ºx=43.5g
Ï¡ÊÍŨÁòËáʱ£¬²»¿É½«Ë®µ¹½øŨÁòËáÀÒòΪˮµÄÃܶȽÏС£¬¸¡ÔÚŨÁòËáÉÏÃ棬Èܽâʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈ»áʹˮ·ÐÌÚ£¬Ôì³ÉËáÒº·É½¦£®
£¨3£©Ì¼Ëá¸Æ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕÖÆÈ¡Éúʯ»Ò£¬Éúʯ»ÒÓëË®·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡Êìʯ»ÒµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCaCO3
CaO+CO2¡ü£»
CaO+H2O¨TCa£¨OH£©2£®
£¨4£©¢ÙÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱäÖÊ»á±ä³É̼ËáÄÆ£¬¶ø̼ËáÄƺÍÏ¡ÑÎËá»òÏ¡ÁòËá·´Ó¦»á²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌ壬ËùÒÔÏòÑùÆ·ÖмÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá»òÏ¡ÁòËᣬÈç¹ûÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÑùÆ·ÒѾ±äÖÊ£®¢Ú³ýȥ̼ËáÄÆ¿ÉÓÃÂÈ»¯±µ»òÏõËá±µÈÜÒº£¬Ê¹Ì¼ËáÄÆת»¯ÎªÌ¼Ëá±µ³Áµí³ýÈ¥£»³ýȥ̼ËáÄƺóÔÙ¼ìÑéÑùÆ·ÖÐÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£¬ÓзÓ̪ÊÔÒº¼´¿É£¬Èô·Ó̪±äºìÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£®
£¨5£©½â£ºÉè·´Ó¦ºó£¬Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£®
HCl+NaOH¨TNaCl+H2O
36.5 58.5
73g¡Á20% y
=
y=23.4g
ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦ºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º
¡Á100%=11.7%
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨1£©Æ¿¿Ú³öÏÖ°×ÎíµÄÊÇŨÑÎËᣬÒòΪŨÑÎËáÓлӷ¢ÐÔ£®
£¨2£©43.5g£»Ë®µÄÃܶȽÏС£¬¸¡ÔÚŨÁòËáÉÏÃ棬Èܽâʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈ»áʹˮ·ÐÌÚ£¬Ôì³ÉËáÒº·É½¦£®
£¨3£©CaCO3
CaO+CO2¡ü£»CaO+H2O¨TCa£¨OH£©2£®
£¨4£©¢ÙÑÎËᣨ»òÁòËᣩ
¢Ú
£¨5£©·´Ó¦ºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ11.7%£®
£¨2£©ÉèÐèҪˮµÄÖÊÁ¿Îªx£¬ÔòÓУº30g¡Á98%=£¨30g+x£©¡Á40% ½âµÃ£ºx=43.5g
Ï¡ÊÍŨÁòËáʱ£¬²»¿É½«Ë®µ¹½øŨÁòËáÀÒòΪˮµÄÃܶȽÏС£¬¸¡ÔÚŨÁòËáÉÏÃ棬Èܽâʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈ»áʹˮ·ÐÌÚ£¬Ôì³ÉËáÒº·É½¦£®
£¨3£©Ì¼Ëá¸Æ¸ßÎÂìÑÉÕÖÆÈ¡Éúʯ»Ò£¬Éúʯ»ÒÓëË®·´Ó¦ÖÆÈ¡Êìʯ»ÒµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºCaCO3
| ||
CaO+H2O¨TCa£¨OH£©2£®
£¨4£©¢ÙÒòΪÇâÑõ»¯ÄƱäÖÊ»á±ä³É̼ËáÄÆ£¬¶ø̼ËáÄƺÍÏ¡ÑÎËá»òÏ¡ÁòËá·´Ó¦»á²úÉú¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÆøÌ壬ËùÒÔÏòÑùÆ·ÖмÓÈëÏ¡ÑÎËá»òÏ¡ÁòËᣬÈç¹ûÓÐÆøÅݲúÉú£¬ËµÃ÷¸ÃÑùÆ·ÒѾ±äÖÊ£®¢Ú³ýȥ̼ËáÄÆ¿ÉÓÃÂÈ»¯±µ»òÏõËá±µÈÜÒº£¬Ê¹Ì¼ËáÄÆת»¯ÎªÌ¼Ëá±µ³Áµí³ýÈ¥£»³ýȥ̼ËáÄƺóÔÙ¼ìÑéÑùÆ·ÖÐÊÇ·ñÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£¬ÓзÓ̪ÊÔÒº¼´¿É£¬Èô·Ó̪±äºìÉ«£¬ËµÃ÷ÓÐÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ£®
£¨5£©½â£ºÉè·´Ó¦ºó£¬Éú³ÉÂÈ»¯ÄƵÄÖÊÁ¿Îªy£®
HCl+NaOH¨TNaCl+H2O
36.5 58.5
73g¡Á20% y
36.5 |
58.5 |
73g¡Á20% |
y |
ËùÒÔ·´Ó¦ºóËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵÄÖÊÁ¿·ÖÊýΪ£º
23.4g |
73g+127g |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¨1£©Æ¿¿Ú³öÏÖ°×ÎíµÄÊÇŨÑÎËᣬÒòΪŨÑÎËáÓлӷ¢ÐÔ£®
£¨2£©43.5g£»Ë®µÄÃܶȽÏС£¬¸¡ÔÚŨÁòËáÉÏÃ棬Èܽâʱ·Å³öµÄÈÈ»áʹˮ·ÐÌÚ£¬Ôì³ÉËáÒº·É½¦£®
£¨3£©CaCO3
| ||
£¨4£©¢ÙÑÎËᣨ»òÁòËᣩ
¢Ú
ʵÑé²Ù×÷ | ÏÖÏó | ½áÂÛ»ò»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ |
ÂÈ»¯±µ£¨»òÏõËá±µ£© | Na2CO3+BaCl2¨TBaCO3¡ý+2NaCl £¨»òNa2CO3+Ba£¨NO3£©2¨TBaCO3¡ý+2NaNO3£© | |
·Ó̪ÈÜÒº±äºìÉ« |
µãÆÀ£º´ËÌâÊÇÒ»µÀ̽¾¿ÊµÑéÌ⣬ÆäÖаüÀ¨ÎÊ´ð¡¢¼ÆËãµÈÌâÄ¿£¬´ËÌâ²½Öè·Ç³£¶à£¬ÖªÊ¶¸²¸ÇÃæºÜ´ó£¬ÓÉÓÚ×öÆð´ËÌâÀ´±È½Ï·±Ëö£¬ËùÒÔ¶ÔÓÚÒ»´ó²¿·ÖѧÉúÀ´ËµÊôÓÚÄÑÌ⣮
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿