题目内容

13.能简算的要简算
($\frac{3}{4}$+$\frac{5}{8}$)×0.8             $\frac{5}{9}$×$\frac{3}{4}$+$\frac{5}{9}$×$\frac{1}{4}$              $\frac{3}{85}$×86($\frac{27}{4}$-$\frac{19}{5}$)÷$\frac{4}{5}$          
($\frac{5}{8}$+$\frac{3}{7}$)×8×5$\frac{5}{4}$×$\frac{1}{6}$×16                 $\frac{1}{5}$+$\frac{2}{9}$×$\frac{3}{10}$               44-72×$\frac{5}{12}$

分析 (1)、(2)运用乘法分配律简算;
(3)把86化成(85+1),再运用乘法分配律简算;
(4)把除法变乘法,再运用乘法分配律简算;
(5)先算乘法,再运用乘法分配律简算;
(6)运用乘法交换律与结合律简算;
(7)先算乘法,再算加法;
(8)先算乘法,再算减法.

解答 解:(1)($\frac{3}{4}$+$\frac{5}{8}$)×0.8   
=$\frac{3}{4}$×0.8+$\frac{5}{8}$×0.8   
=0.6+0.5
=1.1

(2)$\frac{5}{9}$×$\frac{3}{4}$+$\frac{5}{9}$×$\frac{1}{4}$  
=$\frac{5}{9}$×($\frac{3}{4}$+$\frac{1}{4}$)
=$\frac{5}{9}$×1
=$\frac{5}{9}$

(3)$\frac{3}{85}$×86
=$\frac{3}{85}$×(85+1)
=$\frac{3}{85}$×85+$\frac{3}{85}$×1
=3+$\frac{3}{85}$
=3$\frac{3}{85}$

(4)($\frac{27}{4}$-$\frac{19}{5}$)÷$\frac{4}{5}$   
=($\frac{27}{4}$-$\frac{19}{5}$)×$\frac{5}{4}$
=$\frac{27}{4}$×$\frac{5}{4}$-$\frac{19}{5}$×$\frac{5}{4}$
=$\frac{135}{16}$-$\frac{19}{4}$
=$\frac{59}{16}$

(5)($\frac{5}{8}$+$\frac{3}{7}$)×8×5
=($\frac{5}{8}$+$\frac{3}{7}$)×40
=$\frac{5}{8}$×40+$\frac{3}{7}$×40
=25+$\frac{120}{7}$
=42$\frac{1}{7}$

(6)$\frac{5}{4}$×$\frac{1}{6}$×16  
=$\frac{5}{4}$×16×$\frac{1}{6}$  
=20×$\frac{1}{6}$  
=3$\frac{1}{3}$

(7)$\frac{1}{5}$+$\frac{2}{9}$×$\frac{3}{10}$
=$\frac{1}{5}$+$\frac{1}{15}$
=$\frac{4}{15}$

(8)44-72×$\frac{5}{12}$
=44-$\frac{5}{6}$
=43$\frac{1}{6}$

点评 注意运算顺序和运算法则,灵活运用所学的运算定律简便计算.

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