题目内容

下面各题,怎样简便就怎样计算.
3
8
+
5
12
                        

3
8
+
1
6
-
1
4
            

8
9
-(
2
9
+
1
3

7
12
+
3
4
+
5
12
+
1
4
                 
4-
11
15
-
4
15
           
5
6
-
2
3
+
1
9
1
2
+
1
5
-
1
4
             
4
3
-
1
8
+
7
12
          
2
9
+
4
5
+
7
9
+
1
5
2
3
-
5
6
+
1
3
               
2-
2
7
-
5
7
             
5
8
-(
5
8
-
1
2
考点:分数的加法和减法,分数的简便计算
专题:运算顺序及法则,运算定律及简算
分析:(1)(2)(6)(7)(8)利用异分母分数的加减法计算法则:先通分,再按照同分母分数的加减法法则计算即可;
(3)(5)(11)(12)利用减法的性质简算;
(4)(9)(10)利用加法交换律与结合律简算.
解答: 解:(1)
3
8
+
5
12
    
=
9
24
+
10
24

=
19
24


(2)
3
8
+
1
6
-
1
4

=
9
24
+
4
24
-
6
24

=
7
24


(3)
8
9
-(
2
9
+
1
3

=
8
9
-
2
9
-
1
3

=
2
3
-
1
3

=
1
3


(4)
7
12
+
3
4
+
5
12
+
1
4
  
=
7
12
+
5
12
+(
1
4
+
3
4

=1+1
=2;

(5)4-
11
15
-
4
15
  
=4-(
11
15
+
4
15

=4-1
=3;

(6)
5
6
-
2
3
+
1
9

=
15
18
-
12
18
+
2
18

=
5
18


(7)
1
2
+
1
5
-
1
4

=
10
20
+
4
20
-
5
20

=
9
20


(8)
4
3
-
1
8
+
7
12
  
=
32
24
-
3
24
+
14
24

=
43
24


(9)
2
9
+
4
5
+
7
9
+
1
5

=
2
9
+
7
9
+(
1
5
+
4
5

=1+1
=2;

(10)
2
3
-
5
6
+
1
3
  
=
2
3
+
1
3
-
5
6

=1-
5
6

=
1
6


(11)2-
2
7
-
5
7
   
=2-(
2
7
+
5
7

=2-1
=1;   

(12)
5
8
-(
5
8
-
1
2

=
5
8
-
5
8
+
1
2

=
1
2
点评:掌握分数加减法的计算方法以及运算定律是解决问题的关键.
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