21、Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer． But there is one question that has millions of correct answers． That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct．

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents． Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used． Some parents choose the name of a well-known person． A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones．

Some people give their children names that mean good things． Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”．

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names． A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook （小溪）; someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road． The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest．

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations． The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals． In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village． Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans．

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village． The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture．

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities． When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray． Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman． John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer．

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name． English-speaking people added –s or –son． The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert． Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O． Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell．

81.   Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

       A． Places where people lived．                B． People’s characters．

       C． Talents that people possessed．          D． People’s occupations．

82． According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______．

       A． owned or drove a cart                        B． made things with metals

       C． made kitchen tools or containers．      D． built houses and furniture．

83． Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________．

       A． Beatrice Smith                                B． Leonard Carter  

       C． George Longstreet                                   D． Donald Greenwood

五、书面表达

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20、WELCOME

Welcome to Windsor Castle, the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world． Windsor is one of the official residences（住所） of the Queen, who sometimes stays here．

Audio tours

Free audio tours are available on leaving the Admission Centre at the start of your visit． There is a descriptive audio tour for blind and poor-sighted visitors．

Guided tours

Visitors can explore the history of the Castle through a tour of the Precincts with an expert guide． Tours depart at regular intervals throughout the day from the Courtyard and finish at the entrance to the State Apartments．

Visitors with children

For those visiting with children, a special family tour and various activities are offered during school holidays and at weekends． Please note that, for safety reasons, pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments． However, baby carriers are available to borrow．

St George’s Chapel

Visitors arriving at the Castle after 15:00 from March to October are advised to visit St George’s Chapel first, before it closes．

Shopping

Shops offer a wide range of souvenirs designed for the Royal Collection, including books, postcards, china, jewellery, and children’s toys． Please ask at the Middle Ward shop about our home delivery service．

Refreshments

Bottled water can be purchased from the Courtyard and Middle Ward shops． From April to September ice cream is also available． Visitors wishing to leave the Castle for refreshments in the town may obtain re-entry permits from the castle shops． Eating and drinking are not permitted in the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel．

Photography and mobiles phones

Non-commercial photography and filming are welcomed in the Castle． Photography, video recording and filming are not permitted inside the State Apartments or St George’s Chapel． Mobile phones must be switched off inside the State Apartments and St George’s Chapel in consideration of other visitors．

Security

As Windsor Castle is a working royal palace, visitors and their belongs should get through airport-style security checks． For safety and security reasons a one-way system operates along the visitor route．

77． A visitor can apply for a free audio tour _______．

       A． in the Courtyard                                                                                        

       B． in the State Apartments

    C． at the Admission Center                                                                            

       D． at St George’s Chapel

78． What is specially offered to visitors with kids?

       A． A security guard．                             B． A pushchair                               

       C． A free toy．                                      D． A baby carrier．

79． Who can get re-entry permits?

       A． Visitors wishing to eat outside the Castle．                        

       B． Visitors buying gifts in the castle shops．

       C． Visitors buying water from the Courtyard． 

       D． Visitors eating outside St George’s Chapel．

80． Why are visitors required to turn off their mobile phones?

       A． To ensure the safety of others．                                                               

       B． To ensure the security of the Castle．

       C． To prevent them from disturbing others．                             

       D． To prevent the use of the built-in cameras．

19、    Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling． Recycling in the home is very important of course． However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need． We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place．

    The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005． It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK． In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard．

    Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment． The UK, for example, is running out of areas for burying this unnecessary waste． If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect． Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy． The solution is not to produce such items in the first place． Food waste is a serious problem, too． Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need． However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example．

    But this is not just about supermarkets． It is about all of us． We have learned to associate packaging with quality． We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality． This is especially true of food． But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary．

There are signs of hope． As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary material we are collecting． We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb．

72． What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to？

       A． Using too much packaging．                                           

       B． Recycling too many wastes．

       C． Making more products than necessary．                            

       D． Having more material than is needed．

73． The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _____．

       A． the tendency of cutting household waste                           

       B． the increase of packaging recycling

       C． the rapid growth of supermarkets                                     

       D． the fact of packaging overuse

74． According to the text, recycling ______．

       A． helps control the greenhouse effect                                   

       B． means burning packaging for energy

     C． is the solution to gas shortage                                                                   

       D． leads to a waste of land

75． What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

       A． Unpackaged products are of bad quality．                            

       B． Supermarkets care more about packaging．

       C． It is improper to judge quality by packaging．

       D． Other products are better packaged than food．

76． What can we learn from the last paragraph?

       A． Fighting wastefulness is difficult．                                   

       B． Needless material is mostly recycled．

       C． People like collecting recyclable wastes．                             

       D． The author is proud of their consumer culture．

17、 –Good morning． I’ve got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department．

   –Ah, good morning． You _____ be Mrs． Peters．

       A． might                                               B． must                                         

       C． would                                                      D． can

三、完型填空

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16、We _____ on this project for four hours． Let’s have a rest．

       A． are working                                       B． have been working                     

       C． worked                                                    D． had worked

15、 Would it be ______ for you to pick me up at four o’clock and take me to the airport?

       A． free                                                  B． vacant                                      

       C． handy                                                      D． convenient

14、I would rather you did some reading while you are free, but you ______．

       A． don’t                                                B． didn’t                                        

       C． wouldn’t                                                 D． weren’t

13、 I don’t think ___ possible to travel around the world without any modern equipment．

       A． this                                                   B． that                                           

       C． its                                                           D． it

12、I have a ______ to talk too much when I’m nervous．

       A． meditation                                         B． tendency                                   

       C． reckon                                                     D． expedition