3. 语序的倒装 ①no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…句型中的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时，且置于句首时主句要倒装。 No sooner had he got home than it began to rain. ②so/such…that…, not until…置于句首时主句要倒装。 So angry did she feel that she couldn’t speak. Not until he told me the truth did I realize what had happened.

2. 时态的替代 ①在时间、条件和让步状语从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时，用一般过去时替代过去将来时。 If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go fishing. Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. ②The more…the more…句型中，前句起“条件状语从句”作用，故用现在时表将来。 The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make. ③after, before, as soon as等连词本身就暗示了时间的先后，因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时，而不会产生时间上的混乱。 I went to bed after I (had) finished my homework. The film star (had) left before the reporter arrived. He got down to work as soon as he (had) go to the factory.

1. 成分的省略 ①在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中，如果主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且谓语动词含有be时，可把从句的主语和be一起省略。 Don’t speak until (you are) spoken to. Do come to see me whenever (it is) possible. ②在比较状语从句中，可省略与主句相同的部分。 I know you more than he (knows you). Tom is two years older than Alice (is). ③as(尽管)引导让步状语从句，表语前的冠词要省略。 Hero as he is, he has shortcomings. ④其他省略。 Please drop in any time you like. Is it going to rain? If so, I’ll stay at home; but if not, we will go out.

12. differ from/with sb on/about/upon sth：跟某人在…上意见不同 make a difference：起作用，发生影响 make some/no difference：有(没有)关系或影响

11. lead to…：导致 lead…to…：把…带向…

10. remain +adj./n./doing/to do/介词短语：仍然是，保持某种状态 　　 It remains to be seen…：…还要看情况发展 　　 remaining：现在分词作前置定语：the remaining three dollars 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 =the three dollars left 　　 stay +adj.：继续处于某种状态 　　 keep + adj. 继续处于某种状态 　　　 keep + n. +adj/doing

9. recommand+sb/sth to sb：向某人推荐某人或某物 　　 recommand+sb for sth：推荐某人做(某工作) 　　 recommand+sth for…：推荐某物作(某用途) 　　 recommand+sb as…：推荐某人为… 　　 recommand+doing sth： 　　 recommand+sb to do sth 建议做某事 　　 recommand+that-clause (should)

8. impress…on…: 把…印在…上 impress sb (with sth)：使某人牢记(某事) impress sth on sb：使某人铭记某事 be impressed by/at/with：被…所感动 be impressed on one’s mind/memory：被印在脑海里

7. A is to B what C is to D stand out start with set aside：把…置于一旁，留出，拔出 be gone/missing/lost/left

6. remind sb of sth=remind sb about sth remind sb that-clause remind sb to do sth