10. recover 恢复，病愈
(1) 通常作不及物动词用，名词为recovery。
Her father has fully recovered.
她父亲已完全康复。
(2) 常与from连用，如：
He has just recovered from severe illness.
他大病初愈。
The city is recovering from the effects of the
earthquake.
这座城市正在从地震中恢复正常。
[考点9]remember 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① be remembered as 作为……而被铭记
② be remembered for... 因为……而被别人记住
▲ 句型：
① remember sth / that clause
② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 记住要
做某事
③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the
action) 记得曾做过某事
④ remember + wh-clause
⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人问好
▲辨析：memorize；recall；remember
三词均与“记忆”有关．但memorize意为“记忆。默记”．
指有意识地用心去记。remember意为“记得，想起”，指
回忆或想起某事，表示没有刻意费心去想，有时也表示
有意识地把某事记在心上。recall意为“追忆，回想”，
指有意或努力追忆已忘记的事。例如：
She finally memorized the poem. 她终于记住了那首诗。
I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我记不起报
告的确切细节。
I shall always remember my first day in college. 我将永
远记住我上大学的第一天。
[考例9](1999上海)
-- Let me tell you something about the journalists.
-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester-
day?
A. told B. telling
C. to tell D. to have told
[考查目标] remember 在非谓语动词中的用法。
[答案与解析]B remember to do sth 表示“记得要做某
事”；而rememberdoing表示“记得做过某事”。从上下
文看应该是后者。
15. recommend vt.
推荐，介绍；劝告，建议；使可接受；使受欢迎；使成为
可取；托(付)；交付
He recommended to try a new medicine.
他建议试服一种新药。
The woman manager recommended her child to her
colleague.
那位女经理把她的孩子托给同事照管。
Your plan has very little t0 recommend it.
你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。
The dying man recommended his soul to God.
这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。
4. persuade vt.
cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him
说服，劝服；使相信
persuade sb. into / out of sth. 说服，劝服某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. that... 后接宾语从句
Who persuaded you to join this society?
谁说服你参加这个团体?
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
我几乎相信他是诚实的。
[考点l]persuade的用法
① persuade sb (not) to do sth说服某人(不要)干某事
② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to
do sth)说服某人(不要)干某事
③ persuade sb that... 使人信服……
[考例l](2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can
____ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest B. attract
C. tempt D. persuade
[考查目标] 考查动词之间的辨析与实际运用。
[答案与解析]D suggest 不能接 sb. do sth；句子的意
思为：Alice 相信你，只是因为你能说服她放弃愚蠢的
想法。
[考点3]prevent 的用法
▲ 搭配：prevent...from...妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防
① prevent sth 阻止……，预防……
② prevent sb's doing sth
③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth
(from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻
止／防止某人干……
▲ 注意：在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb /
sth from doing sth中，from在主动句中可省略，在被动
句中不能省略；keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的
不可省略。
▲ 辨析：prevent; protect
两词意义相近，但用法和意思略有差别。protect常用
于protect sb / sth from / against sth 结构中，from或
against 后常接名词．不接动词-ing形式。而prevent常
用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 结构中，而且只能
与from连用，不能与against搭配．from后常接动词一
ing形式，也可接名词。例如：
My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad.
我父母极力阻止我出国。
His advice prevented me from making a serious mis-
take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他
伸出胳臂护住脸部免受被拳击打。
[考例3] No one can prevent the plans ____ out.
A. to be carried B. from being carried
C. not to carry D. from carrying
[考查目标] 考查 prevent 短语的搭配与语态的用法。
[答案与解析]B prevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 结合
上下文，the plans应该“被实施”。故动名词用被动形
式。
6. lack 缺乏，不足
(1) 名词用法
She has no lack of supporters.
她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者)
The draught was caused by a lack of rain.
这场旱灾是雨水不足造成的。
[注意] lack作可数或不可数名词，lack前面常与for
搭配，表示“缺乏”的原因，此时常用作不可数名词，
如：
We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time.
因时间所限我们现在不能讨论这个计划。
(2) 动词用法
lack 可作及物或不及物动词用，作不及物动词时与
for 搭配表示原因，与in搭配表示“在……方面缺
乏”。
The young completely lacks experience.
这个年轻人完全缺乏经验。
They lack for money at present.
目前他们缺乏资金。
He is lacking in responsibility.
他缺乏责任心。
[考点2]lack的用法
① for lack of 因缺少
② lack in 缺少
① There is a lack of sth 缺少……
② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺
[考例2](2002上海)Though ____ money, his par-
ents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
[考查目标] 考查省略句。
[答案与解析]C 当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时．
或从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，
本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking...
[考点5]manage 的用法
▲ 构词：
① manager n. 经理
② management n. 经营，管理
▲句型：
① manage to do sth 设法做成某事
② I can manage it myself. 我自己能应付／对付过去。
▲辨析：attempt；manage；succeed；try；seek
该组词均含“设法”之意。try表示尽力、设法、试图去
做某事，但未必一定成功，所做之事不一定有困难；try
还可作名词，have a try = try = have a go 试一次；
have another try = try again再试一次；want a go 想试
一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的说法，试图做某事，有
时可以表示“企图”的意思。manage表示设法(得以)完
成(某件困难之事)，还可作及物动词，意为“经营，管
理”；不及物动词，意为“能办到”，常用于口语I can
manage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望
的事并成功地干了该事，常见结构是succeed in(do-
ing) sth。seek意为“试图、企图干某事”。例如：
The boys attempted to leave for camping but were
stopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们
的父母拦住了。
She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics
tWO years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后，她取得了
一级物理学位。
He tried to do the operation with very little help, but
didn't succeed. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下做这个手
术，但没有成功。
[考例5]He ____ the operation with very little
help.
A. succeeded to do B. attempted to
C. managed to do D. managed doing
[考查目标] 考查同义词的辨析。
[答案与解析]C succeed in doing sth，而 manage to
do sth; attempt 为vt. 后面直接接宾语，而不要接介词。
1. infect
1) 使某人／某物传染，感染
- sb. / sth. (with sth.)；cause sb. / sth. to have a
disease
The laboratory animals had been infected with the
bacteria.
试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。
Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.
警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon
infected other children.
班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩
子。
2) 使受影响，使受感染
fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas
or feelings
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the
whole class.
她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。
2. false a. 假的，错的，不实的
The report is false. 这份报告不真实。
He is false of heart. 他不忠实。
常见结构 be false to 意为“违背，不忠，欺骗”。
He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。
She is a girl false to her promise / word.
她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。
[考点8]free 的用法
① freedom n. [U]自由
② freely adv. 自由地
① for free 免费(作表语、状语)
② set...free 释放……；使……自由
③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)
④ be free from 免于……；不受……；无……的；免去
……的
⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某
事进行自由交谈
⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗
⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由
⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战
① sb be free = sb have free time 有空
② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干……，随心所欲地干
……。无拘无束地干……
③ free + sb / sth 使……自由
▲ 友情提示：“免费”的其他表示法：
① for nothing (作状语)；without payment (作状语)；
free(作表语、定语)
② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语)
③ at public expense 公费
④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical
service / care (享受)公费医疗
[考例8]The prisoner was ____.
A. set freely B. enjoyed free
C. get freedom D. set free
[考查目标]考查free，freely，freedom等词的运用。
[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语，表示“释
放某人”。
5. discourage
使泄气；使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)
1) - sb. (from doing sth.)
阻拦某人不要做某事
His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母劝他不要参加空军。
2) try to stop (sth.)
试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.
学校老师不赞成吸烟。
3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.
If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be
discouraged.
如果你学习中遇到什么困难，不要灰心。
discouraging adj.
a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答
8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴，使振奋，喝彩
The good news cheers them all.
这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。
The fans cheer (for) their football team.
球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。
主要搭配：
(1) cheer up (使愉快，使高兴)
作及物或不及物用法：
Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心，老弟!
She told a joke, trying to cheer me up.
她讲了个笑话来让我开心。
(2) cheer on (鼓励，鼓劲)
We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the
tape.
当运动员冲刺时，我们都为他们鼓劲。
17. breathe, breath
(1) breathe 是动词，呵及物也可不及物。
breathe hard 费力地呼吸
breathe into one's mouth
向某人嘴里吹气
breathe dust / fresh air
吸进灰尘／呼吸新鲜空气
start one's breathing
让某人呼吸起来
(2) breath 是名词。
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
take breath 喘口气；休息一下
hold one's breath 屏住气
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
[注意] out of sight 看不见；out of order 出故障；out of
question 没问题；out of control 失去控制；out of
danger 脱离危险；out of work 失业。
7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的
The books are readily available for reference.
这些书随时可供参考。
Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school?
史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗?