2. - Why does she always ask you for help? (2005北京)

　 - There is no one else _______ , is there?

　　 A. who to turn to　　 B. she can turn to　　 C. for whom to turn to　 D. for her to turn

1. I have many friends,　　　 　some are businessmen. (2005全国卷一二)

　　　 A．of them 　　　　　　 B．from which 　　　　 C．who of 　　　　　　　 D．of whom

5．巩固练习：

4．定语从句中as的用法

1)as引导的限制性定语从句：

当先行词前有as, the same, such, so修饰时，关系代词常用as。例如：

As many members as were present agreed to the plan.

I’d like to have the same books as are used in your school.

He is not such a person as I expected.

2)as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同

which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换：

Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.

She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes.

区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词后面或主句后面。例如：

As anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.

=The elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake.

=The elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.

Mary was late again, which made the teacher angry.

as引导的从句有“正如”、“正像”之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：

as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected等。如：

As we all know, paper was first made in China.

as 引导的从句在意义上不能与主句相抵触，而which不受此限制。试比较：

He did the experiment successfully, as had been expected.

He failed in the experiment, which was unexpected.

3．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，这种主句和从句的关系十分密切，主句与从句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：

This is a shop that sells personal computers.　 //　 The watch that I bought yesterday works well.

非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后不影响主句意义。因此，一些具有区别意义的专有名词及一些表示“唯一”概念的人或物后面常用此类从句。这类从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：

We are all proud of the Great Wall, which is one of the man-made wonders of the world.

My father, who is a doctor, often encourages me to work hard.

一种特殊的非限制性定语从句

在非限制性定语从句中，有时根据句子意思，常把some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由xx of whom或xx of which所指代的“人”或“物”所决定.

He has five children, two of whom are abroad.

(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)

We have tested three hundred types of boots, none of which is/are completely waterproof.

(比较：We have tested three hundred types of boots, but none of them is/are completely waterproof.)

Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?

There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。

③ 如果主句是由 who，which，what 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，先行词后的引导词要用that，而不用who或which。例如：

Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?

Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?

注意：当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that。同时要注意主谓一致的问题，即从句中谓语动词的数要由who所指代的“人”所决定.

Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.

Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

④ whose在定语从句中置于名词之前，充当定语，既可指人，又可指物。whose xx = the xx of which(指物)/whom(指人)。例如：

Please pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. (指物)

=Please pass me the dictionary the cover of which is black.

The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England. (指人)

=The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.

⑤介词+关系代词的用法

关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定； 也可结合句意，根据先行词确定。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.

=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.

The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.

=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.

The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company.

Last night I had a dream in which I became a Nobel Prize winner.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter.

但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：

Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for一般不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)

⑥先行词既有人又有物时，引导词只用that。例如：

They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.

⑦先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：

I like the way (in which/that)the teacher gives his lessons.

Marx told us the way ____ we could learn a foreign language well.

A. why　 B. how*　 C. which　 D. when

2．关系副词的用法

关系副词when, where, why, 在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。但要注意与先行词在从句中做主语或宾语的情况相区别。

I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

This is the house where Lu Xun once lived.

Can you tell me the reason why you sold your new car?

Eg. I will remember the cottage ____ I built with my wife ten years ago.

　　 A. where　 B. that　　 C. in which　 D. in that　

I will remember the cottage ____ I was shut with my wife ten years ago.

A. where　　 B. that　 C. which　 D. in that　　

Eg. Have you asked her for the last reason _______ may explain her absence?

A. why　 B. that　 C. because that　 D. which　　

　 It is for this reason ____ the clear sky over the mountain appears blue.

　　 A. for which　 B. why　 C. because　 D. that　

28．辨析：人创造了文化，文化又促进人的全面发展，所以要大力发展各种文化。(13分)

27．2008年4月26日，中共中央政治局召开会议，研究加强公共文化服务体系建设。会议要求，各级党委和政府要深刻认识公共文化服务体系建设的重要意义，把公共文化服务体系建设放在全局工作的重要位置，有重点分阶段地把公共文化服务体系建设抓紧抓好。

　　 结合材料，运用文化生活的有关知识，说明为什么要加强公共文化服务体系建设。(12分)

26．宁夏回族自治区经济社会发展相对落后，在全面建设小康社会进程中，自治区党委根据本地特点，提出了“小省区要办大文化”的思路，宁夏根据其“岩画文化、丝路文化、西夏文化神秘而璀璨，边塞文化、大漠文化、黄河文化悠远而豪放”的优势和特点，发展带有民间文化特色和塞上文化特色的旅游文化产业，实施“百县千乡文化工程”和“千里文明长廊工程”，积极开展社区文化、校园文化、企业文化、农村文化等群众文化活动，带动了自治区经济社会的发展。

　　 运用所学文化生活知识，说明在经济相对落后的条件下“办大文化”的重要意义。(10分)