Pelle Ahlerup is an economics researcher at Sweden's University of Gothenburg. His research  1   that trust between people is more important in countries with a  2_  legal system. And in societies  3_  there is less trust between people, the quality of the legal system plays a larger _4__. He says projects designed to increase interpersonal trust can have a  5_  effect in poor countries with undependable legal systems. Earlier research has shown that countries  6_  greater trust between people generally do  7 _ in economic growth and other areas.

What about trust in government --- could it even  8_  murder rates? Randolph Roth, a historian at Ohio State University argues yes. He studied murder rates  9_  the past four hundred years in the United States and western Europe. The Justice Department says although rates in recent years  10  levels of the nineteen sixties, murder rates in the United States have  11  been among the highest among Western democracies since the middle of the nineteenth century.

Professor Roth says poverty and unemployment do not lead to higher murder rates.  12  do stronger punishments and more police keep murder rates  13_ . He found four things that _14  murder rates. One is a belief that a government is stable and that the justice and legal systems are fair and  15 _. Another is a feeling of trust in government officials. The third factor is a sense of _16_ in country and unity with other citizens. And the fourth is a __17_ that a person's position in society is satisfactory and that getting respect does not require _18__. When these feelings are strong, he says, murder rates are generally _19_. Rates are higher when people do not __20__  their leaders or feel protected or connected to society. But Professor Roth says even the best political leaders cannot unite a country once a society's problems get out of control.

1. A. insists       B. proposes          C. advises        D. suggests

2. A. strong       B. firm         C weak          D. hard

3. A. which        B. where           C. what           D. when

4. A. position       B. station            C. part           D. partner

5. A. major           B. minor          C. active          D. important

6. A. by         B. with           C. in           D. beyond

7. A. best         B. worse          C. better          D. worst

8. A. effect       B. affect          C. impacts          D. influences

9. A. since            B. over           C. behind         D. among

10. A. grew to         B. increased to      C. rose to            D. fell to 

11. A. fortunately        B. personally        C. generally        D. occasionally

12. A. Either       B. So            C. Also          D. Nor

13. A. backward      B. up            C. down            D. forward

14. A. relate to           B. have nothing to do   C. involve in        D. remind of

15. A. less effective    B. weak            C. effective          D. imperfect

16. A. proud     B. pride            C. envy           D. comfortable

17. A. emotion      B. belief             C. trust           D. expression

18. A. respect      B. peace            C. violence         D. concern

19. A. high      B. strong          C. forceful         D. low

20. A. trust          B. believe             C. request          D. construct  

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