1、在宗法观念盛行的封建社会，姓氏也有贵贱之分。“赵”姓并不是中国最大的姓氏，但在《百家姓》中却排序第一，由此可推断出该作品最早可能出现在 (　　 )　

A．西周　　 　　　B．西汉　　 　 C．唐朝　 　 D．北宋　

例2 While ____my homework k, I heard a cry for help. A do B did C doing D having done 解析：该题答案为C。该空处省略了I'm,相当于while I'm doing my home work.如：While playing guitar, he is singing.

2. 简单句中的省略 (1) 口语中，一、二、三人称的主语，有时还包括谓语都可以省略。 如：(It is)Nice to see you! 　　 (This is) Li Ming speaking. (2) 所有格后的名词如为住宅、商店、工矿、教堂等可以省略。如： I'm going to visit Tom's (house). I met him at the tailor's (shop). (3) 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式带to，后面的不定式可省to. 　 如: His job is to clean and mend the machine. (4) 主(宾)语补足语中的to be常省略。 He was considered (to be) the best student in the class. (5) There be结构中 there be可同时省略，或只省略there.如：(Is there) Anything wrong? (6) 表示年龄的years old, 表示钟点的o'clock, minute等常省略。 如：What time is it now? It's ten (o'clock).

3从句中的省略 (1) 宾语从句，以which, when, where, how和why引起的宾语从句谓语与主句谓语如相同，可省略从句中全部谓语，甚至主语也可省略，仅保留wh－一词。如： He will come, but we don't know when (he will come). He didn't come, I wondered why (he didn't come). (2) 定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词，如： The man (whom) I saw in the street the other day is my teacher. (3) 状语从句，在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，则be动词及其主语常可省略。如： I'll tell him that when (it is) possible. I won't go there unless (I'm) invited.

1、 固定习惯用词。如： 　 No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。

例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser(激光). 　　 A. Hard although the diamond　 B. Hard as the diamond is 　 C. As the diamond is hard　　 D. Has hard is the diamond 　 解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。

例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there. 　 A. can you hope 　B. you can hope 　C. hope can 　D. you hope 　 解析：该题答案为A，

省略

2、部分倒装 (1)so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时，如， I like swimming, so does my brother. (2)only +状语放在句首，如， Only through this method can we win. Only in this way can we do the work well. (3)含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等， 　 如，Never had I heard that.　 Little did I know about this. (4)以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如， 　So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it. (5)用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如， 　Were I you, I wouldn't do that. 　Had he come, we would have won. (6)用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如， 　May you be happy for ever.

1、全部倒装 (1)there be 句型 There is going to be a meeting. There is a book on the table. (2)here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，如， Here comes the bus. Here he comes. 　　　 (3)直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装， 　 如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher. (4)为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装， 如，In front of the house sat a small boy.

例2、They each _______　 a copy of the new physics. 　　 A. have B. has C. having D. gets 　　 解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。

倒装

3、邻近一致 用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如， Either you or I am mad.

2、意义上一致 (1)、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数， 如，Twenty years is not a long time. (2)、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如， 　 People are talking about the accident. (3)、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如， 　 My family is a big one. 　 My family are watching TV.