根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
As the result of "Big Bang", the violent earth slowly settled into a globe 1 (move) around the sun. The gasses which were to make the earth's 2 (大气层)came into being from the explosion of the dust ball, with water 3 (follow) them while the earth cooled down. It allowed the beginning for life. Many millions of years 4 , the first 5 (极度的) small plants began to appear 6 the surface of the water, 7 (繁殖) and filling the sea and oceans, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. As time passed, green plants taking carbon dioxide and producing 8 (氧气)came to land and grew into forest. Later the chains of lives continued, such as insects, amphibians, reptiles, dinosaurs and mammals, the typical of 9 is human being. They don't only do 10 to the earth but cause damage to it.
答案：1. moving 2. atmosphere 3. following 4. later 5. extremely 6. on 7. multiplying 8. oxygen 9. which 10. good
3. But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[解释] twice as...as... “是……的两倍”，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1). 倍数+ as + adj./adv. + as “是……的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.
2). 倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+ than “比……(多/大)几倍”My room is twice larger than his.
3). 倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of “是……的长度/高度/宽度几倍” My room is twice the size of his.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth等。例如：
1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one.
= This ruler is three times the length of that one. 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
2). There are four times as many students as we expected. 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。
[解释] twice as ... as... 是的两倍，英语常见倍数的表示句型：
1). 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as “是……的几倍” My room is twice as large as his.
2). 倍数 + adj./adv.比较级 + than “比……(多/大)几倍”My room is twice larger than his.
注意：此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width depth 等。
[练习] 完成句子或翻译。
1). 这把尺子是那把的三倍那么长。
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2). 到的学生是我们预计的五倍。There are ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ we expected.
Keys: 1). This ruler is three times as long as that one. = This ruler is three times longer than that one.
= This ruler is three times the length of that one. 2). four times as many students as
课文要点(模块)
2. That made it possible for life to begin to develop. 那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。
[解释] 此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合结构，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合结构，“for live to begin to develop”，宾语补足语是possible。再如：She made it her business to find out who was responsible. 她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。
提示：常用于此结构的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等。例如：
1). We make it a rule to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.
2). I find it hard to get along with him.
3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA. 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
4). I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.我觉得我有责任帮助你。
1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (规定) to get up at 6 o’ clock every morning.
2). I ______ ______ ______ (发现很难) to get along with him．
3). 他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。
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4). 我觉得我有责任帮助你。
Keys: 1). make it a rule 2). find it hard 3). He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA. 4). I think/find/feel/consider it my duty to help you.
1. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen and other gases, which were to make the earth’ s atmosphere. 它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石。最终产生了水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。
[解释]“be + 不定式”结构通常用来表示“按计划或安排将要做的事情”，或表示上级对下级、父母对子女下命令，“应该做某事”或表示某事“将必然发生”。例如：
1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you are to go to her office after class. 你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。
2). The worst is still to come. 更糟糕的事情还会发生。
3). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow. = We are to hold a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is to be held tomorrow. 我们明天将开会。
4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am. 这趟火车将于上午10: 25到达北京。
1). Here is a message for you from your head teacher: you ______ ______ ______ to her office after class. (你的班主任给你一个口信，要你下课后到她的办公室去。)
2). The worst is still ______ ______ (come).
3). We’ ll hold a meeting tomorrow.
= We ______ ______ ______ a meeting tomorrow. = A meeting is ______ ______ ______ tomorrow.
4). 这趟火车将于上午10：25到达北京。
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Keys: 1). are to go 2). to come 3). are to hold; to be held
4). The train is to arrive in Beijing at 10: 25 am.
8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防
[典例]
Watch out! There’ s a car coming. 小心! 汽车来了。
[重点用法]
watch out for sb/sth 警惕或注意某人/事物 watch over 保护；照看
[练习] 用watch短语填空。
1). There must have been an angel _______ _______ me that day.
2). What problems should I _______ _______ _______ when buying an old house?
3). You’ ll become an alcoholic if you don’ t _______ _______.
Keys: 1). watching over 2). watch out for 3). watch out
7. break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发
Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
[短语归纳] break短语：
break away from 脱离(党派)；摆脱(控制) break down毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败
break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体) break off (使)停止；中断；折断
break into sth. 强行进入某处 break one’ s word/promise食言；说话不算数
[练习] 用break短语填空。
1). A terrible tsunami _______ _______ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.
2). When do you _______ _______ for Christmas?
3). Negotiations between the two sides have _______ _______.
4). His house was _______ _______ last week.
Keys: 1). broke out 2). break up 3). broken down 4). broken into
6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。
[短语归纳] off短语：
get off 下车 fall off 从……摔下来 take off 脱下；起飞 keep off 远离
turn off 关闭 pay off 付清，还清 set...off 给……送行 kick off 踢球
jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀 shut off 关闭
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译。
1). It is a Sunday and we _______ _______ (不用上班) today.
2). Her husband _______ _______ on a business trip somewhere.
3). There we saw a sign reading, “_______ _______ the grass”.
4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _______ _______ all her debts.
Keys: 1). are off 2). was off 3). Keep off 4). paid off
5. block out 挡住(光线)
That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
[短语归纳] out短语：
break out 爆发，发生 burst out 大声喊叫，突然…起来 go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄
put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是 help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
look out留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防 find out 找出，查明，发现
pick out挑出，辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说 think out仔细思考某事；想出(主意等)
hang out 挂出，闲逛 knocked out (拳击中)击倒，打昏 sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销
turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽 check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去
hand out 分发，散发 give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)
[练习] 用out短语填空。
1). At the end of the race his legs _______ _______ and he collapsed on the ground.
2). It’ s easy to _______ him _______ in a crowd because he is very tall.
3). His nwe book will _______ _______ next month.
4). We thought it was going to rain; it _______ _______ to be a find day.
5). We _______ _______ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.
Keys: 1). gave out 2). pick; out 3). come out 4). turned out 5). checked out
4. prevent...from = stop...from = keep....from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’ s game. 他背部的伤可能使他参加
不了明天的比赛。
[用法辨析]注意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中
from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，
三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’ s doing sth. 作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，
因为没有keep sb’ s doing sth. 的句型。
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1). Doctors took action to _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (防止这种疾病的蔓延).
2). Of course I can’ t _______ your going abroad.
3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。
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Keys: 1). prevent/stop/keep the disease from spreading 2). prevent / stop
3). The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons.
= They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons.
3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着
I will see you, each in your turn. 我将要一个接着一个地看你。
[短语归纳] turn短语：
in turn轮流；一个接着一个 by turns轮流；一阵……一阵……
take turns (to do sth.)轮流(做某物) It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1). She went hot and cold _______ _______.
2). 我们轮流着开车。
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3). 今天轮到谁发言了？
Keys: 1). by turns 2). We drove the car by turns / in turn. = We took turns to drive the car.
3). Whose turn is it to give a speech today?