7. break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发
[典例]
Fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
[短语归纳] break短语：
break away from 脱离(党派)；摆脱(控制) break down毁掉；坏掉；(计划/谈判)失败
break up打碎；拆散；(会议)结束；分裂(解体) break off (使)停止；中断；折断
break into sth. 强行进入某处 break one’ s word/promise食言；说话不算数
[练习] 用break短语填空。
1). A terrible tsunami _______ _______ in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.
2). When do you _______ _______ for Christmas?
3). Negotiations between the two sides have _______ _______.
4). His house was _______ _______ last week.
Keys: 1). broke out 2). break up 3). broken down 4). broken into
6. be off = set off 出发；动身；不用上班/学/开张
Then we were off. 随后我们就启程了。
[短语归纳] off短语：
get off 下车 fall off 从……摔下来 take off 脱下；起飞 keep off 远离
turn off 关闭 pay off 付清，还清 set...off 给……送行 kick off 踢球
jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀 shut off 关闭
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译。
1). It is a Sunday and we _______ _______ (不用上班) today.
2). Her husband _______ _______ on a business trip somewhere.
3). There we saw a sign reading, “_______ _______ the grass”.
4). After ten years of hard work, she finally _______ _______ all her debts.
Keys: 1). are off 2). was off 3). Keep off 4). paid off
5. block out 挡住(光线)
That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
[短语归纳] out短语：
break out 爆发，发生 burst out 大声喊叫，突然…起来 go out 外出；过时；(灯)熄
put out 关(灯)；扑灭；生产 come out 出现，显露；出版，结果是 help out 帮助解决难题(或摆脱困境)
look out留神；注意 watch out 注意；提防 find out 找出，查明，发现
pick out挑出，辨认出，分辨出 speak out 大声地说，大胆地说 think out仔细思考某事；想出(主意等)
hang out 挂出，闲逛 knocked out (拳击中)击倒，打昏 sell out 售完(某种货物)，脱销
turn out 结果证明是 run out (of) 用完，耗尽 check out 结帐离去，办妥手续离去
hand out 分发，散发 give out 分发；用完，消耗尽；发出(光、声音等)
[练习] 用out短语填空。
1). At the end of the race his legs _______ _______ and he collapsed on the ground.
2). It’ s easy to _______ him _______ in a crowd because he is very tall.
3). His nwe book will _______ _______ next month.
4). We thought it was going to rain; it _______ _______ to be a find day.
5). We _______ _______ of/from our hotel at 5 a.m. to catch a 7 a.m. flight.
Keys: 1). gave out 2). pick; out 3). come out 4). turned out 5). checked out
4. prevent...from = stop...from = keep....from 使……不做事；阻止……做某事
His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’ s game. 他背部的伤可能使他参加
不了明天的比赛。
[用法辨析]注意: prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中
from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，
三者的from都不可省；当后接sb’ s doing sth. 作宾语时，只能用prevent或stop，不能用keep，
因为没有keep sb’ s doing sth. 的句型。
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子或翻译。
1). Doctors took action to _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (防止这种疾病的蔓延).
2). Of course I can’ t _______ your going abroad.
3). 警察阻止他们携带武器。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). prevent/stop/keep the disease from spreading 2). prevent / stop
3). The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons.
= They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons.
3. in one’ s turn 轮到某人；接着
I will see you, each in your turn. 我将要一个接着一个地看你。
[短语归纳] turn短语：
in turn轮流；一个接着一个 by turns轮流；一阵……一阵……
take turns (to do sth.)轮流(做某物) It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了
[练习] 用turn短语填空或翻译句子。
1). She went hot and cold _______ _______.
2). 我们轮流着开车。
____________________________________________________________________________________
3). 今天轮到谁发言了？
Keys: 1). by turns 2). We drove the car by turns / in turn. = We took turns to drive the car.
3). Whose turn is it to give a speech today?
2. in time 及时；最终；迟早
1). They caught the bus in time. 他们及时赶上了汽车。
2). If you keep on, you will succeed in time. 如果坚持下去，你们总有一天会成功的。
[短语归纳] time短语：
in time for sth./ to do sth. 及时；不迟 in no time 立刻；马上 at no time永不……
at one time 有个时期；曾经；一度 at a time 一次；每次 at times = sometimes 有时
all the time 一直；始终；老是 on time 按时；准时 by the time到……的时候为止
for the time being 暂时；暂且 take one’ s time不着急；慢慢来 kill time 消磨时间
from time to time 不时地，间或 many a time 常常；多次 once upon a time 从前
at the same time 同时；尽管如此 ahead of time 提前，提早 race against time 争分夺秒
time and again 一次又一次；重复地 keep time (钟表)走得准 keep bad time(钟、表)走得不准
take one’ s time 慢慢来，别急 have a good/nice/hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很……
It’ s (high/about) time that sb. did/ should do sth. 是做某事的时候了
[练习] 用time短语填空。
1). They sent the mail to me just _______ _______, before I 1eft.
2). William arrived at the theatre just _______ _______ for the play was to be on.
3). Hurry up! The concert will begin _______ _______ _______.
4). _______ _______ _______ will I give up.
5). The boy laughed and cried _______ _______ ______ ______.
6). _______ _______ _______ he was addicted to playing web games, but now he devotes himself to writing, which delights his parents.
7). Don’t try to do everything at once; take it a bit _______ _______ _______.
8). You’ll have your own office soon, but _______ _______ _______ _______ you’ ll have to share one with me.
Keys: 1). in time 2). in time 3). in no time 4). At no time
5). at the same time 6). At one time 7). at a time 8). for the time being
1. to begin with = to start with 以……开始；由……作为开头；首先
To begin/start with, I couldn’ t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。
[重点用法]
begin/start with 从……开始 begin/start sth with 从……开始……
[练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。
1). He ______ his speech ______ a poem.
2). His speech ______ ______ a poem.
3). ______ ______ ______, pets are good friends of many lonely people, especially the old.
Keys: 1). began/started; with 2). began/started with 3). To start/begin with
7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的
1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。
2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。
cheer sb. on为某人加油 cheer (sb) up(使某人)更高兴或更快活
[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。
1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.
2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap.
3). You look as though you need ______ up.
Keys: 1). cheered 2). cheered; on 3). cheering
6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力
1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。
2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。
pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先(於某人/物) pull (sb) back(使某人)退却；撤回(某人)
pull off (sth)(指机动车辆)驶离(道路)(至路侧停车处停下) pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离(车站)
pull on 穿，戴上(袜子、手套等) pull together 同心协力；通力合作
[练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。
1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______.
2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.
3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer.
Keys: 1). pulling out 2). pulled out 3). pull together
5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的
1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。
sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难 sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对……感到迷惑
puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索(以便理解) puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁
solve a puzzle 解决一个难题
[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。
1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories.
2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long.
3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.
4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began.
5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.
6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
Keys: 1). puzzling 2). am puzzled 3). puzzled 4). puzzle 5) was puzzled 6). What puzzles me