2．名词所有格的构成及用法；
[考点直击]
1．可数名词和不可数名词的用法；
3．一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I think thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
(八)了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。(一般过去时)
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？(疑问句)
(九)掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则(此处略。见第七期)
(十)动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语(包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。)
1)作主语
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里开车很困难。
2)作宾语
① 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词，如：
hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
She has decided to go.她已决定要走。
② 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：
I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。
3)作表语
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。
4)作宾语补足语
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。
5)作目的状语：
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。
6)作结果状语：
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。
7)作原因状语：
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。
I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴。
2．一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
1．一般现在时的被动语态(am/ is/ are +done)
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
come across 偶然遇见/发现
go against 反对、违背
struggle against 同……作斗争
take along 随身带……
go ahead 请吧、用吧、做……吧
look (a)round 环顾、四周看看
pass/go by 走过、经过、过去、路过
do well in 在……做得好
do wrong 做坏事、犯罪
get together 聚会、联欢
begin with 从……开始
connect with 与……连接
deal/do with 处理、对待、对付
go with 与……匹配
help……with 帮助某人做某事
play with 玩耍
catch up with 赶上
get on/along……with 与……相处得……
go on with 继续(做某事)
fall in love with 爱上某人
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
have a word with 和……某人说句话
have words with 与……某人争吵/吵架
agree with 同意(某人)
get in touch with 与……取得联系、
与……接触
bring up 养育、带(小孩)大
break up 分解、腐烂
clean up 收拾整理
come up 上来、上升、抬头
cut updress up 切碎
dress up 乔装打扮、穿上盛装
eat up 吃完、吃光
end up 结束、告终
fix up 安顿好(人)、修理好(物)
fold up 对折起来、折叠
get up 起床
give up 放弃
go up 上升、上涨
grow up 长大、长成
hold up 使……停下、阻挡
hurry up 赶快、匆忙
join up 连接/联合起来
keep up 保持、维持、继续
look up 向上看、查询
make up 编成、组成、构成
ring up 打电话给……
round up 赶拢、使……集拢
put up 举起、挂起(招牌等)、建立、创办、张贴(广告、传单等)
turn up 到达、来到、开(音响)大声、调高(声音)
send up 发射、把……送上去
speed up 加快速度
set up 建立、创立、树立
speak up 大声讲话
throw up 吐出(食物)、呕吐
wake up 醒来
stay up 挺立、站立、熬夜
pick up 摘(花、水果)、接收(信号)、
拾起(东西)、(顺便)接人、(便宜)买到
take up 占去、占领(时间场地)、
开始学做某事、拿起、参加
add……to 把……加到……上
agree to 同意
belong to 属于、附属于
come to 共计、达到
compare to 把……比作
connect to 连接、相连
devote to 把……献身于/用于
get to 到达
get down to 开始认真做某事
listen to 听……讲话
lead to 导致、引起、造成
refer to 谈到、提及、涉及
stick to 坚持
turn to 转向、求助于
used to 过去常常
pay attention to 注意
point to 指向(人、地点)
pay a visit to 访问……
write to 写信给……
get close to 接近、靠近
say “Hello/Hi” to 向……问好
look forward to 盼望
help oneself to 随便/自用(食物)
prefer……to…… 比起……还是……好；喜欢……而不喜欢……
come over 过来、顺便来访
look over 检查
fall over 跌倒、倒下
go over 复习、仔细检查
push over 推翻、刮倒
turn over 翻动、翻身、翻耕(土地)
watch over 查看、监视、站岗