10. make sentences 造句

9. take notes 做笔记

7. later on 后来；稍后

eg.①Don’t be afraid to ask questions. 别怕问问题。

　 ②He is afraid of speaking in public.

他怕在公共场所说话。

6. to begin with = at first 起初

eg. To begin with, the day was fine, but then it began to rain. 起初天气很好，但后来开始下雨。

5. It’s +adj + of / for sb to do sth.:对某人而言，做…是…的

当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的此类形容词有：kind ; good ; clever ; careful ; polite ; right ; wrong. 其余情况用for.

1)It’s very clever of you to do that.对你来说，那样做是明智的。(那样做，你很明智)

2)It’s hard for me to work out the problem.对我来说，算出这道题是困难的。

4. I don’t have a partner to practice English with.

　 我没有练习英语的同伴。

[注意]：该句是不定式作定语，见Section A中的解释。

2. in grammar 在语法上

　 get…right 使…正确；纠正…

eg.① Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净　

②Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来

③We had some photos taken in the park yesterday.

昨天我们在公园了请人拍了些相。

　④You should get your hair cut.你应该请人理发。

　 　have / has been to: 曾经去过…

have / has gone to: 已经去了…

have / has been in: 已在…(多久)

注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时应省介词

　　　 2)与时间段连用只用have /has been in

① --Where’s Tom?

--He ______________ Beijing.

② I ______ Beijing several times.

③ She ________ Chengdu for two years.

④ He __________ there twice.

Section B and Self-check

[知识点及短语]

1. spoken English 英语口语

2．这本书我买了两年了。

　 I bought the book two years ago.

= I have had the book for two years.

= I have had the book since two years ago.

= It is two years since I bought the book.

现在完成时的第二种用法中，表示的是“过去开始的动作持续到现在”，所以该类用法中要求谓语动词必须使用延续性动词(简称“长命动词”)。在该用法中应将非延续性动词(简称“短命动词”)转化为延续性动词。常见的转化如下：

buy-have ; borrow-keep ; die-be dead ; leave-be away (from); come back-be back; fall asleep-be asleep ; open-be open ;catch a cold-have a cold; go /get out-be out;

arrive (reach / get to / come to) +地点-be in +地点；join-be in +集体(或be 　+ 成员)；

turn on-be on; turn off-be off ; get a letter from-have a letter from. end /finish-be over ; get up-be up ; get to know (相识)-know(认识) ; begin-be on

eg.

1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D) two years.　　　　　　　　　 _____________

2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D) book?　　　　　　　　　　 　______________

3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five minutes(C).　　　　　　　　　 　　　_____________

4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim for two days (D).　　　　　　 　_____________

5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years ago (C).　　　　　　　　　 ______________

6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten years(C)　 　　　　　　　　　　　_______________

7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C) for (D) five years.　　　　　　 _______________

另外注意以下句型的转化：

1．他父亲死了十年了。

His father died ten years ago.

= His father has been dead for ten years

= His father has been dead since ten years ago.

= It is ten years since his father died.

= It has been ten years since his father died.