2.派生构词法

派生构词法是扩充词汇的主要方法。对于派生词来说,一要掌握常见的前缀和后缀,二要掌握常见的派生方法。

  1)常用前缀

  前缀
意思
例词
en-
使可能
enable 使能够,each 使富裕
il-, in-,
不,非
inexpensive 不贵的,irregular 不规则的
im-,
不
Impossible 不可能的,impatient 不耐心的
mis-,
错误的
misunderstanding 误解,mistake 错误
non-,
不,非
non-smoker 不吸烟者, non-swimmer 不会游泳者
un-,
不
unable 无能的,unpopular 不流行的,unhappy 不高兴的 
re-,
再,重复
rewrite 重写,retell复述,reunion 重聚
tele-,
远程
television 电视, telephone 电话

  2)常用后缀

词类
 
 
 
 
名词
后缀
例词
-er, -or
teacher, worker, conductor, inventor, visitor
-ian
musician
-ist
scientist, artist
-ment
government, judgment
-ness
illness, happiness, coldness
-tion
preparation, competition, education, information, invitation
-ing
building, painting, shopping, sightseeing, meaning, greeting
-th
truth, warmth
-ty
safety

  3) 派生方法

  由一个词根可以派生出很多名词、形容词、副词等,掌握一定的派生方法对扩充词汇有很大作用。如:

  由名词interest 可以派生出:

    interest-interesting-interested-interestedly-uninteresting-uninterested

  由help可以派生出:

    help-helpful-helpless-helpfully-helplessly

  由able可以派生出:

    able-unable-enable-disable-ability

Step Ⅲ Practice

First ask students to read the dialogue and then complete it with the words in the boxes.

Activity 2, you need to fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words. That is to say you are formed by derivation(派生构词法).

Give the students two minutes to fill in the blanks and then check the answers.

The answers to Activity 2

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