4.　　　 我们发奋学习，用知识武装自己，以便将来为人民服务。(equip)

3.　　　 一听到那件事，我突然有一种极度焦虑和担忧的感觉。(seize)

2.　　　 数以千计的科学家为神舟7号的成功发射做出了巨大的贡献。(contribution)

1.　　　 承蒙邀请到开幕式上演讲是我的一大荣幸。(…it…)

D

Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging．Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(运动员)．Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout．Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable．

　　　 The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself．The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place．Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives．Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children．Youngsters may take their parents’ and coaches’ criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷)in themselves．

　　　 Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children．The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons．In today’s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport．Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters’ performances．Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome．Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism．Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout．

76．An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is __________________．

　　　 A．to make sports less competitive

　　　 B．to make sports more challenging

　　　 C．to reduce their mental stress

　　　 D．to increase their sense of success

77．According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that _____________．

　　　 A．it can help them learn more about society

　　　 B．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves

　　　 C．it enables them to find flaws in themselves

　　　 D．it can provide them with valuable experiences

78．Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ________．

　　　 A．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence

　　　 B．in order to make them remember life’s lessons

　　　 C．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development

　　　 D．so as to put more pressure on them

79．The author’s purpose in writing the passage is _________________．

　　　 A．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism

　　　 B．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children

　　　 C．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

　　　 D．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout

Section C　 (5)

Direction: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph．There is one extra heading which you do not need

　　　 A．Developing a test plan

　　　 B．Performing different tests

　　　 C．Checking testing data

　　　 D．Setting up test environment

　　　 E．Analyzing test results

　　　 F．Deciding the fate of a software system

80．．　　　　　　　　　

Testing of complex software project itself is a complex project in software quality assurance．It employs software test methodology, risk management, and well-structured testing procedures．A thorough test plan is essential to the success of software testing．A test plan includes test cases, necessary, software testing tools, hardware, special instructions for the test and contingent plan in the case of failures．

81．．　　　　　　　　　

　　 Test environment preparation is progressed parallel to the development of test cases．Support software, hardware, simulators, models, and etc．are installed．Initialization of environment and software to be tested (such as setting flags, breakpoints, pointers, data, or control parameters) are performed．

82．．　　　　　　　　　

　　　 Various types of testing are conducted to execute the test cases．Test data are recorded for later analysis．Unit test is used to confirm that the code matches the specification．Component testing is used to confirm that the defined functions perform as required by the business requirements．Integration testing ensures that the new application will work successfully without adversely impacting on other operational systems．System testing confirms that performance, stress and volume are at acceptable levels．Operational testing explores the manageability of the system．Usability or user acceptance testing examines whether the system is user friendly．

83．．　　　　　　　　　

　　　 Test data may clearly indicate the success or failure of software functionality．Analysis of system performance usually involves data manipulation and statistic．The analysts must check the arrangements and magnitudes of the data, analyze the relationships of data etc．They must also choose suitable statistic software to conduct the analysis．

84．．　　　　　　　　　

Software testing, like software development, is an iterative process．Software testing project rarely ends up with approving or rejecting the system in a few iterations．Testing results usually point the areas for bug-fixing and enhancements．A test project is complete when a software system is eventually approved or rejected．

第II卷 ( 共45分)

C

Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool．In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment．But that’s not what I did．

　　　 I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts(文科)university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering．Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons．I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career．I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering．My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice．They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them．

　　　 I headed off to college and I was sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible．I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者)all in one．

　　　 Now I’m not so sure．Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do．After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile(协调)engineering with liberal-arts courses in college．

　　　 The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t’ mix as easily as I assumed in high school．Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse．The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult．

72．The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _______．

　　　 A．wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality

　　　 B．intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist

　　　 C．wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college

　　　 D．intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals．

73．In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _______

　　　 A．to have an excellent academic record

　　　 B．to be wise and mature

　　　 C．to be imaginative with a value system to guide him

　　　 D．to be a technical genius with a wide vision

74．The author’s experience shows that he was _______．

　　　 A．creative　　 　　　　　　　 B．ambitious　 　　　　　　　 C．unrealistic 　　　　　　　 D．irrational

75．The word “they” in “…together they threaten to confuse．” (Line 3, Para．5) refers to _______

　　　 A．engineering and the liberal arts．

　　　 B．reality and noble ideals

　　　 C．flexibility and a value system

　　　 D．practicality and rationality

B

Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉)can cut highway crashes．

　　　 Japan is a case in point．It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion．Bent stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down．

　　　 Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan’s success．Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes．

　　　 Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation．To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges．

　　　 Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half．However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars．

　　　 Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower．The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents．

68．On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that __________．

　　　 A．they should avoid speed-related hazards

　　　 B．they are driving in the wrong lane

　　　 C．they should slow down their speed

　　　 D．they are approaching the speed limit

69．The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ___________．

　　　 A．can keep drivers awake

　　　 B．can cut road accidents in half

　　　 C．will have a longer effect on drivers

　　　 D．will look more attractive

70．The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to __________．

　　　 A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas

　　　 B．change the road signs across the country

　　　 C．replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons

　　　 D．repeat the Japanese road patterns

71．What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?

　　　 A．They are falling out of use in the United States

　　　 B．They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time．

　　　 C．They are applicable only on broad roads．

　　　 D．They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles．

Section A　 (15)

　 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．

Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death ---- not even taxes．Every plant, animal and person you have ever seen will ____50____ die．But some recent research suggests that aging as we know it may not be inevitable．Indeed, as our ____51____ of it grows, aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape, but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to ____52____ someday．

　　 We already know that some animals do not seem to age．Many cold-water ocean fish and some amphibians (两栖动物) never ____53____ a fixed size; they continue to grow bigger, to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them．What these ____54____ seem to be telling us is that something in their genes ---- and possibly in ours ---- controls the ____55____ of aging, and that aging is not the fate of every living thing．

　　　 ____56____ the history of life on earth, one of the most common difficulties that animals ( and their cells) have faced has been a lack of food．About 70 years ago, scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories ( 卡路里 ) than they would ____57____ eat, something unusual happens: they become ____58____ to most age-related diseases ---- cancer, heart disease, diabetes (糖尿病) ---- and live 30 to 50 percent longer．Restricting calories ____59____ aging．But what are the ____60____ genes that preserve vitality( 生命力 ) and starve off diseases?

　　　 About 15 years ago, armed with powerful new molecular-research techniques, a few scientists began to ____61____ these genetic phenomena．They have discovered that a gene called Sir2 ---- which is present in all animals, including humans ---- is ____62____ for the health benefits of calorie restriction, perhaps by repairing our DNA．But if we had to restrict our calorie intake by 30 to 40 percent, would it be of any ____63____ use? Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly ____64____ : whether or not it made life longer, it would surely make life feel longer．

50．A．suddenly　 　　　　　　 B．eventually　　　 　 C．separately　　　 　 D．unexpectedly

51．A．desire　　　 　 　　　 B．feeling　　　　　 　 C．dream　　　　　 　 D．understanding

52．A．develop　　　 　　　 B．design　　　　　 　 C．control　　　　 　　 D．solve

53．A．reach　　　　 　　　 B．acquire　　　　 　　 C．need　　　　　　 　 D．display

54．A．objects　　　 　　　 B．samples　　　　 　　 C．items　　　　　 　　 D．creatures

55．A．nature　　　 　　　 B．system　　　　 　　 C．pace　　　　　　 　 D．condition

56．A．Through　　　 　　　 B．Throughout　　　 　 C．Beyond　　　　 　 D．Across

57．A．rarely　　　　 　　　 B．occasionally　　 　　 C．normally　　　　 　 D．mainly

58．A．resistant　　　 　　　 B．similar　　　　 　　 C．essential　　　 　　 D．accessible

59．A．quickens　　　 　　　 B．slows　　　　　 　　 C．avoids　　　　　 　 D．overcomes

60．A．horrible　　　 　　　 B．extra　　　　　 　 C．specific　　　　 　 D．original

61．A．investigate　　 B．illustrate　　　　 　　 C．record　　　　　 　 D．prove

62．A．famous　　　 　　　 B．generous　　　　 　 C．responsible　　　 　 D．convenient

63．A．fashionable　 　　　 B．practical　　　　　 C．immediate　　 　　　 D．daily

64．A．happy　　　　 　　 B．depressed　　　 　 C．hungry,　　　　 　 D．scared

Section B　 (30)

Directions: Read the following passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits according to the information given in the passage you have just read．

A

Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists．

　　　 Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky．Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us．But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth．

　　　 Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now．Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks．By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course．

　　　 Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons．But the cost wouldn’t be cheap．

　　　 Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs．Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years．Sounds pretty rare-but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world．“If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist．“It’s that simple．”

　　　 The cure, though, might be worse than the disease．Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的)rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article．

65．What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?

　　　 A．They are heavenly bodies different in composition．

　　　 B．They are heavenly bodies similar in nature．

　　　 C．There are more asteroids than meteoroids．

　　　 D．Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids．

66．What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids?

　　　 A．It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem．

　　　 B．It may create more problems than it might solve．

　　　 C．It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely．

　　　 D．Further research should be done before it is proved applicable．

67．We can conclude from the passage that ______________．

　　　 A．while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the world

　　　 B．asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near future

C．the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetime

　　　 D．workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth

40．While learning to cook, Marge found that cooking was much harder than the most difficult

chemistry experiments: beans and chicken ________ burn and stick to the pan．

A．should　　　　　　　　　　 B．must　　　　　　　　　　　 C．need　　　　　　　　　　　 D．would

Section B　　 (9)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．

Has the quick pace of modern living let you down? Has your life grown too complicated? Has the quest for more money and more excitement become an obsession (强迫症) ? Surveys show that a lot of Americans are feeling overwhelmed by their responsibilities．In their wild search for fulfillment, they’ve got themselves into ____41____in which they feel like they’re on a treadmill (踏车) and can’t get off．

　　　 Among many couples, both husband and wife work because they ____42____they have to make ends meet．Granted, in this society with its wide difference of income, it often takes two breadwinners in a family to____43____．But in other cases, what people are really saying is that they have to pay for the luxuries to which they’ve grown ____44____- the extravagant vacations, boats, new cars, brand name clothes, expensive houses, ____45____ memberships in the golf club, the motor homes．

　　　 But as Paul reminds us in the Bible, we didn’t bring anything into this world, and we won’t take anything with us when we ____46____．People who want to be rich fall into all sorts of traps and temptations．They are caught by foolish and ____47____ desires that drag them down．

　　　 Many of us pride ourselves on never having an idle moment．Yet when there is no time for quiet there is no time for the soul to grow．The man who walks through the countryside sees much more than the one who runs．

　　　 The British philosopher Bertrand Russell said once, “ A certain power of enduring boredom is ____48____ to a happy life．” He pointed out that the lives of most great men have not been exciting except at rare moments．Nor did the great men of the past travel widely．Kant, the famous 18^th-century German philosopher, never got more than ten miles from his home in Kingsburg in Prussia．Darwin, after going around the world, spent the rest of his life in his own house．Socrates would ____49____ just take a walk in the afternoon and meet a few friends along the way．Jesus, according to the Bible, never left the confines of tiny Palestine．

　　　 A happy life, said Russell, must be to a great extent a quiet life “for it is only in an atmosphere of quiet that true joy can live．”

39．Rainforests ________ and burned at such a speed that some experts predict they will

disappear from the earth in the near future．

A．will be cut　　　　　　　 B．were cut　　　　　　　　 C．are being cut　　　　　 D．had been cut