A friend of mine met with an accident driving in the darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t   36 .What was worse was that he found himself unable to ask for help—his mobile phone didn’t  37  . Nothing could be done but  38   in cold wilderness. It was 8 hours later that day broke, and then the   39   of the rescue.
It is almost   40   that he could stand the horror in the darkness for so long. Even more surprising was his  41  , “First of all I checked up on my physical  42  and found myself not in fatal(致命的) danger. Finding no   43   to call for help, I leaned back to try my best to keep the wound from  44  . In this way I fell asleep.
This  45  me of another story: A group of young men   46   to explore a mountain cave and got lost.  47  to find a way out in the dark cave they were  48   and ran anxiously without a sense of   49  . Finally they fell dead in fear and exhaustion. According to the  50    people that found them, the place where they got lost was only about 10 meters away from the   51   of the cave. If they stayed where they got lost and tried to   52  themselves, they would probably   53   a small light glimmering(闪烁) not far away.
We can compare it with our   54   itself. Sometimes when we meet with difficulties in life, we feel lost in the darkness. If it is unclear, you needn’t put up a struggle    55  . Remember: CALM DOWN!

Five thousand years ago, people thought that illnesses were the result of evil living in human bodies. They also believed that gods and superior spirits were punishing people through diseases. The practice of magic and witchcraft (巫术) was popular among many tribes, and charms (符咒) and images of gods to drive away the evil spirits were often used.

People also started using herbal(草药的) medicine and by trial and error (反复试验，不断摸索) learned how to cure stomachaches and fevers. They had a witch doctor in the community. He would treat people with simple herbal medicine and magic. Early medicine was practiced the way north tribal Indians did hundreds of years ago and the way some tribes practice it today.

The ancient Chinese believed that the body was ruled by two forces, which they called “yin” and “yang”. The body would become ill if one force overcame the other and the balance between them was changed. Acupuncture (针刺疗法) was the way to bring back the balance between the two.

Also sand painting was an important part of Navaho medicine. The medicine man paints loosely upon the floor of an earth-covered house, where the ceremony takes place, or on a buckskin (鹿皮) or a piece of cloth, by letting the colored sands flow through his fingers with control and skill.

Ancient Mesopotamians believed that diseases come either from an evil spirit or a physical problem, such as worms. The doctor would decide from which source the illness has come from and send the patient either to a herbalist or to a witch doctor.

Egyptians had a very advanced medicine. They would sometimes rely on the god’s power to receive healing, but they also treated illnesses and operated on minor health problems like snake bites. They sucked the blood from the wound and bound the affected limb to stop the poison from spreading.

66. The practice of magic and witchcraft was popular in ancient times because ________ .

A. people could avoid being punished by gods and superior spirits by doing this.

B. people thought they could avoid getting diseases in this way.

C. people believed the evil spirits could be driven away in this way.

D. people often got diseases and this way was very effective.

67. How many places are mentioned where early medicine existed in the passage?

A. Three.     B. Four.      C. Five.      D. Six.

68. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.

A. people can cure lots of diseases by combining herbal medicine and magic.

B. herbal medicine is so effective that it can cure all kinds of diseases.

C. witch doctors treated people only with herbal medicine.

D. people tried lots of times to cure illnesses with herbal medicine.

69. Ancient Chinese people believed that ________.

A. diseases were the result of evil living in human bodies.

B. people would fall ill if the balance in human bodies was disturbed.

C. a medicine man could cure people’s diseases by sand painting.

D. diseases not only came from evil spirits but also were physical problems

70. The passage mainly tells us ________.

A. why ancient people became ill.

B. about the most advanced medicine in ancient times.

C. about the development of herbal medicine.

D. how ancient people cured their diseases.

Dangerous creatures

Some beach creatures are wonderful—like dolphins, but others are dangerous. Find out more about the dangerous ones –puffer fish, blue ringed octopus, and stingrays.

The blue ringed octopus is not a very big creature but it is very dangerous.

These octopuses are found all around the coast of Australia. They often lie in rock pools close to shore.

The blue ringed octopus is usually a dull colour but it shows its bright blue rings when it is in danger. If it is taken out of the water by someone, it is able to bite him and poison him.

If this creature bites someone, he will feel numbness (麻木) around the mouth, face and neck, Puffer Fish

Puffer Fish are found in all Australian seas. They are very easy to catch but must not be eaten because their flesh contains a poison.

Anyone who does eat the flesh can become sick very quickly. They may even stop breathing.

The Blue Bottle is found in most Australian waters. Blue Bottles float lightly on the surface of the water but their tentacles(触角)can be as long as 10 meters.

Blue Bottles are much less dangerous than some other jellyfish, but they can give a swimmer a bad sting(刺) if the swimmer accidentally touches them.

There are many different kinds of stingrays in Australian waters. They usually swim and feed on the bottom of the sea. Accidents can happen if people stand on them or try to pick them up.

Stingrays have a sting on their tail. These stings have poison on them. If someone is stung, the wound can easily become infected.

1.If you swim in Australian waters, you will probably             .

       A．be bitten by the blue ringed octopus

       B．stop breathing because of Puffer Fish

       C．get a bad sting by the Blue Bottle

       D．become infected by stingrays

2.According to the text, the less aggressive (侵略性)creature is            .

       A．the blue ringed octopus                        B．puffer fish

       C．the blue bottle                                     D．stingrays

3.According to this passage, the correct one of the following is that           .

       A．all creatures along the coast of Australia are dangerous

       B．poisonous creatures change the body color when in danger

       C．no accident will happen unless people touch these creatures

       D．if people stand on the beach, accidents can happen because of creatures

4.The main idea of this passage is about             .

      A．dangerous creatures in the sea               B．interesting creatures in the ocean

       C．wild creatures in Australia seas              D．different creatures in Australian waters

Not long before, my daughter's shoes were scratched with a knife．She burst into   36 ．I took them to the shoemaker to get them   37 ．
The young apprentice （学徒） glanced at the opening and said, " 38  I can do except replace the upper．" His master looked at them and said to me, "If you   39  me, I will add more scratches on both of the shoes．" _K^S*5U.C#O%
I was   40  and asked why．
He explained, "As if the openings were made   41  for the sake of special style and reuse．"
Two days later I found there were indeed more scratches on   42  shoe, but all the openings were patched （打补丁） by soft red leather with edges sewed by thick thread,   43 more unique and interesting than ever．I couldn't help but   44  the master's skill．
Another time, my wife's sister's white blouse had been torn, leaving a large opening on the back．My wife   45  the blouse carefully, and then said, "Let me take it   46 _ and mend it．"
Seeing the blouse again, I was shocked: all the torn parts had been sewed up by thin and   47  thread and they   48  a look of ice crystal （冰晶） hanging from a winter's branch． 49  , she had attached a snowman and a cabin made of flowery cotton rags onto the shirt．I 50  with praise, "It's just as beautiful as a piece of   51  !"
"I was inspired by that craftsman．Patches are supposed to be   52 , but a skillful craftsman can make it take on a kind of perfection," replied my wife．
Her words inspired me even more: Perfection is   53  to achieve in everything; Patches are unavoidable, so is human's life．Since you can't   54  the existence of wound, you should not expect people's   55  by exposing the wound, which reveals nothing meaningful．

第二部分   阅读理解

（共25小题。第一节每小题2分，第二节每小题1分；满分45分）

第一节   阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

D

When people lose legs after accidents or illnesses, emergency care and artificial limbs（假肢）often allow them to walk again. Newts （蝾螈） in the same situation, on the other hand, can grow limbs back on their own! Scientists have known for a long time that certain animals can re–grow limbs, but they haven’t quite figured out how these creatures do it.

  Researchers have now come up with some new ideas. Their work may give people the ability to re – grow lost limbs. The researchers started with two simple experiments：when you cut a newt’s leg at the ankle, only the foot grows back；when you cut off a leg at the very end, the whole leg grows back. In both cases, the re–growth begins with stem cells. Stem cells can develop into nearly any type of cell in the body.

How do a newt’s stem cells know when to grow only a foot and when to re–grow a whole leg?

This question relates to another mystery. In newts, a cut–off leg will grow back only if the nerve bundle（神经束）in it also grows back , but if something prevents the nerve bundle from growing, the stem cells at the wound won’t re–grow a new leg.

In its study, a British team focused on a protein called nAG. When the team prevented nerves in a limb from growing, but added the nAG protein to stem cells in the limb, the limb still re–grew. That protein seems to guide limb re–growth. People have proteins that are similar to nAG. Further research into these materials may someday help human limbs recover by themselves.

In the experiments, the researchers cut off a newt’s foot or leg to find out _____.

 A. what stem cells were                  B. whether they would grow back

 C. how long it would take to re–grow    D. how they would re – grow

A newt will re–grow its leg if _____.

 A. its ankle was cut off but the nerve bundle was good

 B. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle stopped growing

C. its leg was cut off and the nerve bundle could grow back

D. its ankle and the nerve bundle were cut off

What do the underlined words “these materials” refer to?

A. Nerve bundles and proteins.            B. Proteins similar to nAG.

 C. Stem cells and proteins.              D. Stem cells and nerve bundles.

The first sentence of the passage _____.

 A. acts as a lead–in                  

B. shows where researchers got their new ideas

C. states the author’s opinion          

D. describes the result of researchers’ studies