NEW YORK - People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop work completely or switch to another area of work, according to a U.S. study.

Researchers from the University of Maryland said the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called "bridge employment" as a transition to full retirement.

"In essence, if someone is in a field where part-time work or self-employment is possible, he or she should consider it as they plan for retirement," researcher Dr. Mo Wang, an assistant professor of psychology, told Reuters Health.

For their study, Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12,000 workers in a U.S. health study begun in 1992. Participants, who were between the ages of 51 and 61 at the outset, were surveyed every two years over a six-year period.

Overall, Wang's team found, people who went into some form of bridge employment reported lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.

The findings were not explained by older age or worse initial health among people who opted for full retirement, the investigators report in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

On top of their better physical health, "bridge" workers also tended to report fewer mental health problems, such as depression.

The same mental health benefits were not seen, however, when retirees took part-time work in other fields -- possibly, Wang said, because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.

He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.

Bridge work, particularly in one's accustomed field, may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons, according to Wang.

In general, he explained, such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement.   wwwWang said when it comes to mental health, for instance, bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the "role identity" that they have formed over their careers.

Staying active in general, not only through work, can also benefit retirees' physical health, Wang noted. He added, however, that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity -- whether it is something that the person truly enjoys, and that helps ease any stress of moving into retirement.

"These findings," Wang said, "suggest that for retirees and prospective retirees, carefully considering whether to engage in bridge employment -- and if so, what types of bridge employment -- is quite important."

What does the underlined phrase “at the outset” mean?__________

A. at least  B. at least  C. at the beginning  D. at last

People who went into some form of bridge employment have less chances to get the following diseases, EXCEPT___________.

A. arthritis      B. heart disease      C. diabetes      D. low blood pressure

Which of the following statement is WRONG?_________

A. As long as retirees move into “bridge employment”, they must be healthier than those who do not.

B. The participants in the study were between 51 and 61 years old.

C. The bridge workers are also less likely to get depression.

D. Staying active is beneficial to the retirees’ physical health.

What can we infer from the passage?________

A. The study was begun in 1992 and lasts for two 6-year periods

B. If a bridge worker is older than 61 years old, it does not mean that he will get a better health than others who enjoy full retirement.

C. Only by moving into “bridge employment” can the retirees enjoy better health both physically and psychologically.

D. Any activity can benefit the retirees’ mental health.

Which is the best title of the passage?

A. A US study

B. Bridge Work

C. Working after retiring can be good for your health

D. Stay active

NEW YORK - People who keep doing some work in their field after they retire may enjoy better physical and mental health than those who stop work completely or switch to another area of work, according to a U.S. study.

Researchers from the University of Maryland said the findings suggest that prospective retirees should consider moving into so-called "bridge employment" as a transition to full retirement.

"In essence, if someone is in a field where part-time work or self-employment is possible, he or she should consider it as they plan for retirement," researcher Dr. Mo Wang, an assistant professor of psychology, told Reuters Health.

For their study, Wang and his colleagues used data on more than 12,000 workers in a U.S. health study begun in 1992. Participants, who were between the ages of 51 and 61 at the outset, were surveyed every two years over a six-year period.

Overall, Wang's team found, people who went into some form of bridge employment reported lower rates of major diseases like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and arthritis during the study period than their counterparts who went straight into full retirement.

The findings were not explained by older age or worse initial health among people who opted for full retirement, the investigators report in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

On top of their better physical health, "bridge" workers also tended to report fewer mental health problems, such as depression.

The same mental health benefits were not seen, however, when retirees took part-time work in other fields -- possibly, Wang said, because many of these people may have taken those jobs out of financial need rather than choice.

He noted that the lack of benefit could also stem from the fact that these retirees had to adjust to an unfamiliar job position or had to make lifestyle changes.

Bridge work, particularly in one's accustomed field, may benefit physical and mental health for a number of reasons, according to Wang.

In general, he explained, such work may help older adults maintain the active lifestyles they had during their careers and decrease any stress they might feel from the transition into retirement.  wwwWang said when it comes to mental health, for instance, bridge work may help by allowing people to keep some of the "role identity" that they have formed over their careers.

Staying active in general, not only through work, can also benefit retirees' physical health, Wang noted. He added, however, that any mental health benefits are likely to depend on the type of activity -- whether it is something that the person truly enjoys, and that helps ease any stress of moving into retirement.

"These findings," Wang said, "suggest that for retirees and prospective retirees, carefully considering whether to engage in bridge employment -- and if so, what types of bridge employment -- is quite important."

1. What does the underlined phrase “at the outset” mean?__________

2. People who went into some form of bridge employment have less chances to get the following diseases, EXCEPT___________.

3.Which of the following statement is WRONG?_________

4.What can we infer from the passage?________

5.Which is the best title of the passage?

       How to beat a bad mood

Having one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go awary after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster, often within a day or two.

??Walk it off

Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster.A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension.Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or taking some quick exercise can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.

??Tune it out

Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tensions go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.

??Give yourself a pep talk

Stop and listen to what's on your mind.Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts.Write them all down on paper; the pessimistic（悲观的）messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers.

??Reduce your stress

Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters.These include deep breathing,stretching and visualizing（想象）, all of which sound complicated but aren't.One easy way to visualize;

close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach..Another simple way to distress is to make a to-do list.One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have mo options（选择权）.

By taking control over certain areas,You realize you're not helpless.You can make change in your mood and life.

??Avoid thing that won’t improve your mood

TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind—something that the tv show “neighbors” won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta,produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.

5．We learn from the text that it might help rid us of a bad mood _______.

       A. to do nothing about it                                   B. to take a long walk on the beach

       C. to do some exercises with light music      D. to talk it to neighbours

6．Why it is suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?

       A. It is not complicated to do so                 B. It is an area to be easily controlled

       C. It helps beat a bad mood                        D. It brings us a new technique

7．TV may not improve your mood because _______.

       A. it sometimes shows what happens around you

       B. it keeps you stay unmoved

       C. it reminds you of eating and drinking

       D. it produces a calming effect.

8．This text most probably appears in _______.

       A. a book on physical exercises                   B. a doctor’s handbook

       C. a notice                                                D. a magazine

Now I’m a senior high school student in Grade Two . I feel that school life is a little hard , just as my friends said . However , a hard life doesn’t have to mean a boring one at all .

School life is not just about studying and getting high marks . Getting involved in student clubs can be a unique and unforgettable experience .

Wang Tian enjoys Tuesday afternoons more than any other time of the week . Why ? Well , that’s when Wang and 47 other members of the DIY ( do it yourself ) club learn to make things such as rondo flowers ( 丝网花 ) and cross-stitch（ 十字绣 ）. Wang also knows how to knit scarves and make clay accessories（ 小饰件 ）. They even sell their products to raise money for poor students !

When Chen Mo started the High School , there was a drama club and a rock band , but no street dance club . So the girl started one . “Street dancing is dynamic and helps us relax and keep fit ,” Chen said . There are around 30 students in Chen’s club . They practice dance skills on Sundays . Sometimes they go to street dance performances in the city . “We watch , learn and make friends . People in this circle are actually very nice and sweet ,” she said .

There are dozens of clubs for me to choose from , such as basketball club or science club . But I love the translation club best . The 30 club members get together once a week . With the help of a volunteer teacher , I’ve learned the general principles of professional translation . It’s the first step to becoming a good translator . Besides ,after attending this club , my English has improved a lot .

I like my school life very much . And I believe whether a life is meaningful or not depends on the person who leads it .

Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?

A.  The members in the DIY club sell their products to raise money for the club .

B.  There are more members in the DIY club than in the translation club .

C.  Chen Mo joined the street dance club and played an important part in it .

D.  The members of the translation club meet on Tuesday afternoon .

How many clubs are mentioned in the passage ?

A.  5                   B.  6                    C.  7                    D.  8

The underlined word dynamic in Paragraph 4 means __________.

A.  energetic        B.  helpful           C.  challenging            D.  attractive

If you want to improve your English , you’ll probably join the _______.

A.  DIY  club             B.  science club           C.  drama club      D. translation club

We can infer that _____________.

A. the writer feels the new school life is hard

B. the writer’s friends feel the new school life is hard

C. the writer is pleased with his new school life

D. every student leads a meaningful life in the new school

Now I’m a senior high school student in Grade Two . I feel that school life is a little hard , just as my friends said . However , a hard life doesn’t have to mean a boring one at all .

School life is not just about studying and getting high marks . Getting involved in student clubs can be a unique and unforgettable experience .

Wang Tian enjoys Tuesday afternoons more than any other time of the week . Why ? Well , that’s when Wang and 47 other members of the DIY ( do it yourself ) club learn to make things such as rondo flowers ( 丝网花 ) and cross-stitch（十字绣）. Wang also knows how to knit scarves and make clay accessories（小饰件）. They even sell their products to raise money for poor students !

When Chen Mo started the High School , there was a drama club and a rock band , but no street dance club . So the girl started one . “Street dancing is dynamic and helps us relax and keep fit ,” Chen said . There are around 30 students in Chen’s club . They practice dance skills on Sundays . Sometimes they go to street dance performances in the city . “We watch , learn and make friends . People in this circle are actually very nice and sweet ,” she said .

There are dozens of clubs for me to choose from , such as basketball club or science club . But I love the translation club best . The 30 club members get together once a week . With the help of a volunteer teacher , I’ve learned the general principles of professional translation . It’s the first step to becoming a good translator . Besides ,after attending this club , my English has improved a lot .

I like my school life very much . And I believe whether a life is meaningful or not depends on the person who leads it .

1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?

2. How many clubs are mentioned in the passage ?

3.The underlined word dynamic in Paragraph 4 means __________.

4. If you want to improve your English , you’ll probably join the _______.

5.We can infer that _____________.