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Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day. I’m not one of them. After a night without enough sleep, I feel bad-tempered. I have trouble remembering things. And all I want to do is go to bed.
How do you feel after you’ve stayed up late to finish schoolwork or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
New research suggests that a gene called “period 3” influences how well you function without sleep. The “period 3” gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of “period 3”. Study participants (参与者) had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed (闪过) on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of “period 3” performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning.
After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests (those with the short form of “period 3”) took about 18 minutes to nod off.
While people with the long “period 3” gene fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time on deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working in top form.
I think I must have the long form of “period 3”. What about you?
1.The purpose of this passage might be ___________
A. to tell us the importance of plenty of sleep.
B. to tell the result of a research on sleepy gene.
C. to inform the harm of lacking sleep.
D. to announce the sleeping rules of humans.
2.What kind of people need less sleep according to the research?
A. Those with two short copies of the gene.
B. Those with two long copies of the gene.
C. Those with one short and one long copy of the gene.
D. Those with three short copies of the gene.
3.If one lacks enough sleep, one should avoid doing important or dangerous things ___________.
A. at noon B. at night
C. in the afternoon D. at dawn
4.Why did the writer think he or she had the long form of “period 3”?
A. Because the writer could remain energetic without enough sleep.
B. Because the writer could do things correctly at dawn.
C. Because the writer needed more sleep to keep energetic.
D. Because the writer recovered quickly after sleep.
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Some people can stay up all night and still get work done the next day. I’m not one of them. After a night without enough sleep, I feel bad-tempered. I have trouble remembering things. And all I want to do is go to bed.
How do you feel after you’ve stayed up late to finish schoolwork or the day after an overnight party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
New research suggests that a gene called “period 3” influences how well you function without sleep. The “period 3” gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of “period 3”. Study participants (参与者) had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed (闪过) on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of “period 3” performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning.
After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests (those with the short form of “period 3”) took about 18 minutes to nod off.
While people with the long “period 3” gene fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time on deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working in top form.
I think I must have the long form of “period 3”. What about you?
The purpose of this passage might be ___________
A. to tell us the importance of plenty of sleep.
B. to tell the result of a research on sleepy gene.
C. to inform the harm of lacking sleep.
D. to announce the sleeping rules of humans.
What kind of people need less sleep according to the research?
A. Those with two short copies of the gene.
B. Those with two long copies of the gene.
C. Those with one short and one long copy of the gene.
D. Those with three short copies of the gene.
If one lacks enough sleep, one should avoid doing important or dangerous things ___________.
A. at noon B. at night
C. in the afternoon D. at dawn
Why did the writer think he or she had the long form of “period 3”?
A. Because the writer could remain energetic without enough sleep.
B. Because the writer could do things correctly at dawn.
C. Because the writer needed more sleep to keep energetic.
D. Because the writer recovered quickly after sleep.
查看习题详情和答案>>Childhood is a happy time, right? Not necessarily. Consider these facts.
Depression(抑郁症) may occur in as many as 1 in 33 children.
Once a child has an episode(一段情节) of depression, he or she has a 50 percent chance of experiencing another episode in the next 5 years.
Suicide(自杀) is the 6th leading cause of death for 5–to–15-year-olds.
If your child experiences 5 or more of these signs or symptoms(症状) for at least 2 weeks, he or she may be experiencing depression or another mental illness.
Feeling——Does your child demonstrate:
Sadness
Emptiness
Hopelessness
Guilt
Worthlessness
Lack of enjoyment in everyday pleasures
Thinking ——Is your child having trouble:
Concentrating
Making decisions
Completing schoolwork
Maintaining grades
Maintaining friendships
Physical problems ——Does your child complain of :
Headaches
Stomachaches
Lack of energy
Sleeping problems ( too much or too little)
Weight or appetite changes ( gain or loss)
Behavior problems ——Is your child:
Irritable（烦躁）
Not wanting to go to school
Wanting to be alone most of the time
Having difficulty getting along with others
Cutting classes or skipping school
Dropping out of sports, hobbies or other activities
Drinking alcohol or using drugs.
Suicide risk——Does your child talk or think about:
Suicide
Death
Other morbid（生病的）subjects
Sometimes, a child who causes problems at school or at home may actually be depressed, according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. If you think your child may be depressed, it’s important to have your child treated. Discuss your child’s problems with his or her doctor. The doctor may suggest a referral to a children’s psychologist(心理医生)or psychiatrist（精神病医生）.
Treatment may include individual and family therapy(治疗), along with an antidepressant medication (抗抑郁药)
1.This article is particularly written for ____.
A. parents B. teachers C. children D. Psychologists
2.Which statement describes a child who may have physical problems?
A. The child is always in high mood.
B. The child always feels tired but sleeps only four hours a day.
C. The child hates to study.
D. The child can not concentrate on one thing for a long period.
3.What should we do when we find our kids experiencing depression?
A. Ask for leave to accompany them at home.
B. Ask them to take antidepressant immediately.
C. Go to see the doctor.
D. Ask them to have a good rest.
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jokes in r______ to the reactions of an audience.
2. This is one of the most o_______ (杰出的) paintings of the Renaissance period.
3. She wrote a book about her r_______ (不同寻常的) experience in South Africa, where she worked as
a UN Goodwill Ambassador.
4. She presented the Queen with a bunch of flowers on b_______ of the students.
5. Each year, more and more people do _______ (志愿的) work to help the disabled, the poor and the elderly.
6. The desks and seats can be a_______ (调整) to the height of any children.
7. I understand that you often use the e_______ of the gymnast Sang Lan to show how people can find
happiness even in difficult times.
8. Here are some nice presents. Take w_______ (无论哪个) one you like.
9. Everyone in the class was expected to p_______ in the food festival to welcome the year 2011.
10. Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN o______ programmes to help
people.
appeared to be some disagreement among scientists as to what effect this might have on humancaused
global warming. Now climate scientists agree a less active sun won't have much of an effect.
According to the reports from the IPCC, global climate is expected to warm between 4 and 10
degrees Fahrenheit by the year 2100. On the other hand, scientists show that the reduction in radioactive
forcing due to low solar activity would reduce world temperature half a degree F if the lull in solar activity
lasted until the end of the 21 century.
It is highly unlikely the current lull in solar activity would have such a long period. "It is more likely that a new lull in solar activity would reduce the global temperature average of 0.2 Celsius by the end of
2100," commented Professor Stefan Rahmstorf, who was responsible for a study of a lull in solar activity
effects on climate at the Institute for Research on the Impacts of Climate Change in Potsdam.
In short, this small forcing is likely to have little, if any, observable effect on humancaused global
warming,at most reducing the temperature increase to between 3.5 and 9.5 degrees F. The reason for
the small effect on temperature is due to the fact that the difference between solar activity highs and lows
changes solar output by less than one half of one percent. So the difference in the amount of energy
coming out of the sun between solar highs and lows isn't very large. The result is that the human forcing
on climate is many times larger than that caused by any natural difference in the sun.
Generally if humancaused climate_change isn't controlled it can't be stopped by natural changes in the
sun.
B. That humans are responsible for global warming.
C. That humans are stronger than nature.
D. Whether the lull in solar activity has effect on humancaused global warming.
B. more trees are planted
C. redioactive forcing becomes strong
D. the lull in solar activity lasts a long period
B. The current lull in solar activity will last very long.
C. The power of humans is stronger than the sun on global warming.
D. The IPCC reported that world temperature would fall greatly.
B. Global warming.
C. The earthquake.
D. Global environmental change.
B. An argument among scientists.
C. That humans are a cause of global warming.
D. That a less active sun cannot stop global warming.