根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

I live in Japan, where electronic items are a way of life, so it is no surprise that many students carry these little electronic dictionaries. E-dictionaries may be lighter and compacter (简洁的) than any paper dictionary.  1.  However, to me, these are pretty much the limits to their advantages.

I think e-dictionaries should be limited in their use in classrooms. 2.

E-dictionaries are much more expensive. In Japan, they cost as little as 10,000 yen(US$100)much as 40,000 yen, depending on how many functions you want (or think you want) and depending on how fashionable you are. My trusty Random House paper dictionary is copyrighted at1995, cost me a mere US$12.95 plus tax.

E-dictionaries are more fragile. Drop your paper dictionary. Go ahead. Hold it above your head and drop it. 3.

E-dictionaries need batteries. Batteries are temperature sensitive. Batteries cost money, too.

E-dictionaries have keypads. Typing in the spelling of a word is harder and more time consuming than looking through pages and using the index at the top of each page.

4. Sound . Little devices beep (嘟嘟声) when you press the buttons, but it is very disturbing to some people in a classroom situation or library.

Finally, let’s consider making corrections or additions. No dictionary is perfect, paper version or electronic. However, when you find something you’d like to change in the e-dictionary, you can’t do anything about it. You can pencil in some notes with the paper type. Similarly, if you learn a word that isn’t in the dictionary, a few notes of a pencil make it easy to increase its memory capacity.  5.And, for those students whose habit is to mark certain words with a highlight pen for ease of future reference, again, the paper dictionary wins out.

E．That huge, heavy paper dictionary that you see in your library looks like a building block in size and weight.

F．E-dictionaries have advantages as well as disadvantages.

G．Let’s take a look at the following reasons.

Student Services

Students' Union

Every University has a Students' Union. If students are the lifeblood of a university, the Union is surely its beating heart.

For students, by students

A Students’ Union is run by students and acts independently. At the end of each academic year, it will find six students to hold a sabbatical（带有休假的） position managing the Union for the coming year. That the six successful sabbatical officers have only recently experienced issues affecting students ensures that your needs are very well understood.

Letting your hair down

Although the University is spread across a fairly wide area, the Union is centrally located and is only a short walk from any of the main buildings. This makes it very easy to catch up with friends who might be on a different course.

At night, the place really comes alive – we have three different bars to suit every occasion. The venues are student-only so you can be sure of meeting people with a similar outlook and we throw in a transport service to make sure you get home safely.

The Union also organizes various formal balls throughout the year, with the highlight being the end-of-year ball.

Supporting you

Beyond having fun, we also make sure some of the more serious issues are effectively dealt with. If you have a problem with your course, another sabbatical officer is trained to help you. Being independent from the University means we can represent and support you to the best of our ability, and once you reach university you may find that you become aware of more national or political issues.

1.From the second paragraph of the passage, we can infer that ______.

2. The person who takes up a certain post of the Students’ Union ______.

3.According to the third paragraph, we can learn that ______.

4.From the passage, we can learn that ______ is the most wonderful program of every year.

5.After reading the last two parts, we can infer that _______.

    Four common bad habits combined—smoking, drinking too much, inactivity and poor diet—can age you by 12 years, sobering new research suggests.

The findings are from a study that tracked nearly 5,000 British adults for 20 years, and they highlight yet another reason to adopt a healthier lifestyle.

Overall, 300 people studied had all four unhealthy behaviors. Among them, 90 died during the study, or 30 percent. Among the 400 healthiest people with none of the four habits, 8 percent of them died.

The risky behaviors were: smoking tobacco; downing more than three alcoholic drinks per day for men and more than two daily for women; getting less than two hours of physical activity per week; and eating fruits and vegetables fewer than three times daily.

These habits combined substantially increased the risk of death and made people who engaged in them seem 12 years older than people in the healthiest group, said lead researcher Elisabeth Kvaavik of the University of Oslo.

The healthiest group included never-smokers and those who had quit; teetotalers, women who had fewer than two drinks daily and men who had fewer than three; those who got at least two hours of physical activity weekly; and those who ate fruits and vegetables at least three times daily.

"You don't need to be extreme" to be in the healthy category, Kvaavik said. "These behaviors add up, so together it's quite good. It should be possible for most people to manage to do it."

    The US government generally recommends at least 4 cups of fruits or vegetables daily for adults, depending on age and activity level, and about 2 hours of exercise weekly．

1.What problem may you have, if you smoke often and eat few fruits and vegetables?

    A．You would have difficulty in walking．                   B．You would feel tired, lack of energy．

    C．You may look older than you really are．                 D．You may face the risk of death of cancer．

2.How many of the 400 healthiest people with none of the four habits died?

    A．32.             B．24．            C．56．            D．120．

3.What does this text mainly talk about?

    A．Suggestions to smokers．             B．The results of four bad life habits．

    C．The findings of a new research．                         D．The recommends from the US government.

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?

　　Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.

　　The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is very positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your stupid friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.

　　In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”

　　Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive thoughts.

　　The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.

1.What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?

2.What does the word “underline” mean (Line 4, Para. 3)?

3. Which of the following is TRUE about the Canadian researchers’ study?

4.What do we learn from the last paragraph?

Anger at the practice of demanding dowries，which can lead to violence against brides，has prompted a takeoff of “Angry Birds” called “Angry Brides” that aims to highlight the illegal practice still prevalent in many South Asian countries.

Dowries—such as jewelry，clothes，cars and money—are traditionally given by the bride’s family to the groom and his parents to ensure she is taken care of in her new home.

The custom was outlawed more than five decades ago.But it is still widely practiced，with the groom’s family demanding even more money after marriage，leading to mental and physical annoyance that can drive the woman to suicide.

“The Angry Brides game is our way of throwing a spotlight on the nuisance(陋习) of dowry.” said Ram Bhamidi，senior vice president and head of online marketing for Shaadi.com，a matrimonial(婚姻的) website with two million members.

According to a 2007 study，there is a dowry?related death every four hours in India；we condemn this and have consistently run campaigns on social media to help create awareness of the issue.

The name of the app，available on the group’s home page，is a spinoff from the globally popular “Angry Birds” game.Its home page shows a red?clad，eight?armed woman resembling a powerful female Hindu goddess.Underneath，there is a caption，“A woman will give you strength，care and all the love you need NOT dowry！”

To play the game，users have to try and hit three dodging grooms—a pilot，a builder and a doctor.There are a variety of weapons to choose from，including a frying pan，broomstick，tomato and loafer.

Each groom has a price tag，starting at 1.5 million rupees($29,165)．Every time the player hits a groom，his value decreases and money is added to the player’s Anti?Dowry Fund，which is saved posted on their Facebook page.

“Since we launched the game last week，more than 270,000 people have liked the app.Both men and women seem to be playing it，” said Bhamidi.

1.What caused “Angry Brides” to appear online?

A．Women’s rights being seriously abused.

B．Anger at the practice of demanding dowries.

C．The bride’s giving a great many dowries.

D．The popularity of “Angry Birds” online.

2. Which of the following is TRUE about “Dowries”？

A．The custom of giving dowries has been in practice for five decades.

B．Lack of abundant dowries may lead to the bride’s being in violence.

C．The illegal practice of dowries is still popular in many African countries.

D．More dowries the bride gives mean a high social status of her family.

3. The underlined word “spinoff” probably means “________”．

A．relation? B．connection

C．copy? D．fake

4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the game “Angry Bride”？

A．There are a variety of weapons to choose from.

B．Ram Bhamidi thinks highly of the game.

C．Men players don’t find the game enjoyable.

D．The game character looks like a Hindu goddess.