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Be careful what you say around your dog. It might understand more than you think.
A border collie named Rico recognizes the names of about 200 objects, say researchers in Germany. The dog also appears to be able to learn new words as easily as a 3-year-old child. Its word-learning skills are as good as those of a parrot or chimpanzee(黑猩猩).
In one experiment, the researchers took all 200 items that Rico is supposed to know and divided them into 20 groups of 10 objects. Then the owner told the dog to go and fetch one of the items and bring it back. In four tests, Rico got 37 out of 40 commands right. As the dog couldn't see anyone to get clues, the scientists believe Rico must understand the meanings of certain words.
In another experiment, the scientists took one toy that Rico had never seen before and put it in a room with seven toys whose names the dog already knew. The owner then told Rico to fetch the object, using a word the dog had never heard before.
The correct object was chosen in seven out of l0 tests, suggesting that the dog had worked
out the answer by process of elimination(排除法). A month later, Rico remembered half of the new names, which is even more impressive.
Rico is thought to be smarter than the average dog. For one thing, Rico is a border collie, a breed (品种)known for its mental abilities. In addition, the 9-year-old dog has been trained to fetch toys by their names since the age of nine months.
It's hard to know if all dogs understand at least some of the words we say. Even if they do, they can't talk back. Still, it wouldn't hurt to sweet-talk your dog every now and then. You might just get a big, wet kiss in return!
61. From paragraph 2 we know that __ .
A. animals are as clever as human beings
B. dogs are smarter than parrots and chimpanzees
C. chimpanzees have very good word-learning skills
D. dogs have similar 'learning abilities as 3-year-old children
62. Both experiments show that .
A. Rico is smart enough to get all commands right
B. Rico can recognize different things including toys
C. Rico has developed the ability of learning mathematics
D. Rico won't forget the names of objects once recognizing them
63. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The purpose of the experiments is to show the border collie's mental abilities.
B. Rico has a better memory partly because of its proper early training.
C. The border collie is world-famous for recognizing objects.
D. Rico is born to understand its owner's commands.
64. What does the writer want to tell us?
A. To train your dog. B. To talk to your dog.
C. To be friendly to your dog. D. To be careful with your dog.
65．Trough the passage, we can infer EXCEPT_______________.
A. We should make friends with dogs.
B.The dog is our enemy.
C.We should respect dogs.
D.The dog is clever.
查看习题详情和答案>>阅读理解
How many words one uses can not be measured exactly. However, Professor Seashore concluded that first-graders entered the school with at least 24 000 words and add 5 000 each year so that they leave high school with at least 80 000． These figures are for recognition vocabulary, the words we understand when we read or hear them, which are more than our active vocabulary, the words we use in speaking and writing.
Using the words you recognize in reading will help get them into your active vocabulary. In your reading, pay attention to these words, especially when the subject is one that you might well write or talk about. Underline or make a list of words that you feel a need for and look up the ones you are not sure of in a dictionary. And then before very long find a way to use some of them. Once you know how they are pronounced and what they mean, you can safely use them.
1．How many words does one use?
[ ]
A．Nobody can answer the question.
B．No one knows for sure but Prof. Seashore.
C．Not everyone can tell the exact number.
D．People cannot give an exact answer, not even Prof. Seashore.
2．Prof. Seashore concluded that it takes a first-grader ________ years to increase his vocabulary from 24 000 to 80 000．
[ ]
3．According to Prof. Seashore, ________
[ ]
A．one has at least 80 000 recognition words.
B．recognition words can become active ones.
C．one's recognition vocabulary consists of active words and non-active words.
D．one's active words grow with his recognition ones.
4．One way suggested by the writer to increase our active vocabulary is that we should ________
[ ]
A．look up a dictionary for new words and keep them in our note.
B．read and recognize the words we will need and add them into our list of active vocabulary.
C．keep well in touch with more recognition words and keep using them after grasping their pronunciation and meaning.
D．read more, write more and use more.
5．According to the passage, an important step leading to the correct use of vocabulary is ________.
[ ]
A．extending the list of the active words
B．often looking up a dictionary for necessary words
C．knowing your subject well
D．grasping the correct pronunciation and meaning of the words to be used
查看习题详情和答案>>Doctors recognize obesity as a health problem．So why is it so hard for them to talk to their patients about it?
The results of two surveys, one of primary care physicians and the other of patients, found that while most doctors want to help patients lose weight and think it is their responsibility to do so, they often don’t know what to say．
So while doctors may tell patients they are overweight, the conversation often ends there, said Christine C．Ferguson, director of the Stop Obesity Alliance．Without being told about options for diabetes, she said, “Doctors don’t feel they have good information to give．They felt they didn’t have adequate tools to deal with this problem.”
The lack of dialogue hurts patients, too．The patient survey, of over 1,000 adults, found that most overweight patients don’t even know that they’re too heavy．Only 39 percent of overweight people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were overweight.
Of those who were told they were overweight, 90 percent were also told by their doctors to lose weight, the survey found．In fact most have tried to lose weight and may have been successful in the past — and many are still trying, the survey found．And many understand that losing even a small amount of weight can have a positive impact on their health and reduce their risk of developing obesity-related diseases such as hypertension and diabetes.
Dr．William Bestermann Jr., from Holston Medical Group, said the dialogue had to be an ongoing one and could not be dropped after just one mention of the problem．“If you’re to help your patients successfully, you have to talk to them at actually every visit about their progress, and find something to encourage them about and coach them,” he said.
He acknowledged that many doctors find it hard to be optimistic．
“Part of this is that it’s commonly believed, even by doctors, that overweight people are weak-willed and just don’t have any willpower and are self-indulgent and all that business,” he said．“If you think that way, you’re not going to spend time having a productive conversation.”
61．What is most probably Stop Obesity Alliance, as in Paragraph 3?
A．An organization of doctors specializing in obesity.
B．An organization of patients suffering from obesity.
C．A research group that conducts special surveys about overweight people.
D．A research group dealing with doctor-patient relationship.
62．How many of the patients surveyed have been advised by their doctors to lose weight?
A．About 350. B．About 390. C．About 900. D．1000.
63．What can be inferred about obesity patients in Paragraph 5 ?
A．They are not as hopeless as doctors think they are.
B．Most of them have tried hard to lose weight, but in vain.
C．Without their doctors’ constant coaching, there is little chance of their succeeding in losing weight.
D．Most of them have just given up their hope of becoming less heavy.
64．According to the passage, which factor contributes to the lack of dialogue between doctors and patients?
A．Most doctors just never think of warning their patients about their weight problem.
B．Many doctors find it difficult to persuade overweight people to lose weight.
C．Most patients are too weak-willed to do anything about their weight.
D．Many patients tend not to trust their doctors about their weight problem.
65．Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Obesity in the U.S.
B．Trouble of overweight Americans
C．Talk more, help better
D．Doctors or patients — who to bear more blame?
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Some of the world’s most famous persons have suffered a similar disability, such as Albert Einstein, the scientist; Thomas Edison, the inventor; Auguste Rodin, the artist．What disabled these three highly-intelligent （高智商的） men? Strange as it may seem, they all suffered from learning disabilities, the name given to a number of related learning disorders．
Persons with learning disabilities are of normal or higher intelligence．Yet they have great difficulty learning to read, write or use numbers．
Almost always, there is problem with one of the mental processes needed to understand or use written signs or spoken language．A learning-disabled child sees and hears perfectly well． Yet he or she is unable to recognize the differences in sizes, shapes or sounds that are easy for others to recognize．
Learning disabilities are very common．They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children．Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities．
Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better． Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things．There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from difference in the way the brain is organized． You can not look at a child and tell he or she has a learning disability．There is no outward（外部的） sign of the disorder． So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong．
In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident．They found two unusual things．One involved cells（细胞）in the left side of the brain, which control language．These cells normally are white． In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray．The researchers also found that many of the nerve（神经）cells were not in a line the way they should have been． The nerve cells were mixed together．
1．How can we learn whether a person has suffered from learning disabilities or not?
A．By judging whether he or she sees or hears perfectly well．
B．By checking if he or she is of normal or higher intelligence．
C．By judging if he or she is the world’s most famous person．
D．By judging whether he or she has any difficulty in recognizing the differences in sizes, shapes or sounds．
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Among the children suffering from learning disabilities, girls are fewer than boys．
B．It is reported that many more girls have learning disabilities than boys．
C．All the world’s famous persons have the chance to get the similar disorders．
D．Most of the world’s famous persons have suffered from disabilities．
3． Why did researchers examine the brain of a learning-disabled person who died in an accident?
A．To try find out the cause of learning disabilities．
B．To see if the person had any outward sign of the disorder．
C．To check if the person is of normal or higher intelligence．
D．To find out if the person suffered from a learning disability．
4． If somebody has learning disability, ．
A．his or her nerve cells are in a line the way they shouldn’t be
B．the cells in the left side of the brain are gray and the nerve cells are not in a line
C．he or she has no difficulty in learning to read, write or use numbers
D．he or she is able to recognize the differences in sizes, shapes or sounds
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