摘要：A．作主语的-ing 形式 -ing 形式作主语时.其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的. Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.(Reading aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人.因而无需表达出来) 提示: 如果作主语的-ing 形式需要自己的逻辑主语时.一般用物主代词或名词所有格. His father's falling ill worried him greatly. 他父亲生病使他很着急.(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语) Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us. 你来和我们一道工作.对我们是很大的鼓舞.(you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语) B．作表语的-ing 形式 -ing 形式作表语时.其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语.但作表语的-ing 形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语. What worries me most is Julia's staying too late every night. 我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟.(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia) The main problem is your not having practiced a lot. 主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习.(not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you) C．作定语的-ing 形式 -ing 形式作定语时.其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词. an interesting book 一本有意思的书 = a book that interests its readers a running stream 一条奔流的小溪= a stream that is running 如果-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者.就要用-ing形式的被动式. The meeting being held in Beijing now is of great importance. 正在北京召开的会议非常重要. (逻辑主语the meeting 和“举行 之间的关系是被动的.所以用being held D．作宾语的-ing 形式 -ing 形式作宾语时.其逻辑主语常是句子中的主语.如要明确动作的执行者.也可以在-ing形式前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语. I can't imagine John's giving a speech in front of so many people. 我不能想像约翰会在这么多人前面发言.(John是giving a speech的逻辑主语) He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了.(someone是knocking at the door的逻辑主语) The boss understood himhis wanting to leave. 老板明白他为什么要离职.(“他 是wanting to leave逻辑主语) 比较: He insisted on doing it himself. 他坚持要自己做.(doing it的逻辑主语是句子的主语“他 ) He insisted on my doing it. 他坚持要我做.(doing it的逻辑主语是“我 ) Would you mind opening the window 请你把窗子打开好吗?(opening the window的逻辑主语是“你 ) Would you mind my opening the window 你介意我把窗子打开吗?(opening the window的逻辑主语是“我 ) E．作宾语补足语的-ing 形式 动词-ing 形式作逻辑主语时.它的逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语. We often hear her singing this song. 我们经常听见她唱这首歌.(singing this song的逻辑主语是“她 ) We often hear this song sung. 我们经常听见这首歌被人唱.(逻辑主语“this song 和宾语补足语“唱 的关系是被动.所以用-ing形式的被动式或-ed分词.) F．作状语的动词-ing 形式 1．动词的-ing形式作状语时.其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. 走进教室.我发现里面没人.(entering的逻辑主语是I.相当于when I entered the classroom, I found nobody in it.) 如-ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的.那就是误用.这种无依着的-ing形式.语法上称之为“垂悬分词 . [误]Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. (looking out through the window的逻辑主语是the garden.显然不对) [正]Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden. 从窗户看出去.我们看见一个漂亮的花园. [误]Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. (逻辑主语是dog.它不会看晚报) [正]I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking. 我看着晚报的时候.一只狗开始叫起来.

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