摘要：2．虚拟语气(Ⅰ) (一)语气的定义和种类 (1)语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式.它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度. (2)语气的种类 ①陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的.确定的或符合事实的.用于陈述句.疑问句和某些感叹句. 如: We are not ready.我们没准备好. Did it rain all day yesterday?昨天下了一天雨吗? What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊! ②祈使语气 表示说话人的建议.请求.邀请.命令等. 如: Be careful!小心! Don’t forget to close the window.别忘了关窗. Open the door, please.请打开门. ③虚拟语气 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实.而是说话人的主观愿望.假设或推测等. 如: I were you, I should study English.如果我是你.我就学英语了. I wish you could go with me.但愿你能同我们一起去. May you succeed!祝您成功! (二)虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 条件句有两类.一类是真实条件句.一类是虚拟条件句.如果假设的情况是有可能发生的.就是真实条件句.在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气.如:If it doesn?t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.如果明天不下雨.我们就去公园. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的.或将来不大可能发生的.则是虚拟条件句. 如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.如果他昨天见到你.他会问你这件事的.(事实上他昨天没见到你.因此也未能问你这件事.)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中.主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气. (1)表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果 If I were you, I should tell him the truth. 要是我是你.我就会对他说实话. If he had time, he would go with you.如果他有时间.他就会和你去. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿.一切都没问题了. (2)表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果 If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做.你一定不会. If I had had the money last week, I should have bought a car. 如果上星期有了这笔钱.我就会买1辆车. She would have telephoned you immediately, if she had won the game. 如果她比赛赢了.她就会给你打电话. If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话.你就会见到那个著名的歌唱家. (3)表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果 If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天.我就去看望我奶奶. If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪.他们将不出去了. If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨.庄稼就一定得救. (4)主.从句的动作发生时间不一致的情况 有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致.这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整. If you had listened to the doctor,you would be all right now.如果你当初听了医生的话.身体现在就好了.(从句动作指过去.主句动作指现在) If you had practised speaking English more, you would be able to speak it fluently. 如果你多练习讲英语.现在就能讲得很流利了. ①省略连词if 在书面语中.如果虚拟条件从句中有were.had或should.可以把if省略.而把这几个 词放到主语之前.构成主谓倒装.如: Should he come, tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了.让他给我打个电话. Were I you,I would not do it.我要是你.就不做这事. Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.如果他细心些.这些错误本来是可以避免的. 在虚拟条件句中.省略连词的倒装形式.其句首不能用助动词的缩略否定式.如我们可以说: Were it not for the expense, I would go to Paris. 但不能说: Weren’t it for the expense,I would go to Paris. ②用介词短语代替条件状语从句 有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来.而是通过介词短语来表示. 如: Without air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话.就不会有生物了. But for your help(If it hadn’t been for your help)I couldn?t have done it. 要是没有你的帮助.我就不可能完成这件事. 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来.如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. )我那天很忙.否则.我就和他们一起去那儿了.(如果我那天不忙的话.我就--) I would have finished the work, but I have been ill.(If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.)我本来该完成这项工作的.但我生病了.(如果我没生病的话.我就会完成--) (5)省去条件从句或主句 表示虚拟敢的主名或从句有时可以省略.但其含义仍可以推知. ①省去条件从句 You could have washed your clothes yourself.你本可以自己洗衣服的.(省去了“If you had wanted to )(事实是:你自己没洗衣服.因为你不想洗.) ②省去主句 If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊! If only she had not left!如果她没走就好了! If only the wind would stop!风要是停了该多好!(事实是:风停的可能性很小.) [考点透视 考例精析] [考例1] I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise . A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on [解析] A 本题考查with+宾语+宾语补足语构成的复合结构.区分非谓语动词作宾补的区别.准确把握句子结构是解题关键.B不符语法.C表已做.D表还未做.A表正进行. [考例2] ----Will $200 ? ----I’m afraid not. We need at least 50 more dollars. A．count B． satisfy C．fit D．do [解析] D 本题考查动词词义辨析.count数数.satisfy使满足.fit合适.do意为“可行.行 .故选择do. [考例3] Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park she was bitten on the leg by a lion. A．when B．while C．since D．once [解析] A 本题考查连词用法.稍加分析题干便知.主句动作与从句动作哪个在先.最后不难判断应该选when.相当于at that time,“这时 或“就在这里 . [考例4] In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality. A．contact B．contrast C．connection D．conflict [解析] D 本题考查词义辨析.contact接触.联系.交际.交往,contrast对比.对照,connection联系.关系,conflict争论.冲突.抵触.斗争.根据题意应选D项. [基础演练]

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