摘要: Alcohol and drug use

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Drug Use Report

  A new study examines drug use by young people in t he United States.The study found that cigarette smoking among American teenagers dropped during t he past years.The drop continues a general decrease in teenager smoking rates that started in 1996.

  American health officials praised the decrease as good news in the nation’s battle against smoking.They note that smoking remains the leading cause of preventable death and disease.Smoking rates among American teenagers increased in the first half of the 1990’s.However, teenage smoking rates have been decreasing in recent years.

  The University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research supervised the latest study.The Department of Health and Human Services reported the findings.

  The study involved more than forty-four-thousand students in more than four-hundred schools across the United States.They were asked about past and daily use of tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs.

  The youngest students questioned were thirteen years old.The study also involved fifteen-year-old students and seventeen-year-olds.

  The most notable change in the study was a continuation of the decrease in cigarette use among thirteen and fifteen-year-olds.For example, about twelve percent of thirteen-year-old students questioned reported smoking at least one cigarette during the past month.Six years ago, the rate was twenty-one percent.Among fifteen-year-olds, the rate dropped from thirty percent in 1996 to twenty-one percent last year.

  Tommy Thompson is the secretary of Health and Human Services.He praised the findings.He said more teenagers are making correct choices that will help them avoid health problems caused by tobacco.

  The study found that use of alcoholic drinks and illegal drugs among American teenagers remained the same or dropped during the past year.However, the use of one illegal drug known as Ecstasy continued to increase.Yet the rate of increase was not as great as in recent years.

  American health officials said they will continue to give teenagers scientific information about the serious health risks of Ecstasy and other illegal drugs.The goal is to further reduce the use of these drugs.

(1)

The purpose of the passage is to ________.

[  ]

A.

help the teenagers to keep off the drugs

B.

explain the relationship between smoking and diseases

C.

report that smoking rate among American teenagers dropped

D.

suggest that measures be taken to stop teenagers from smoking

(2)

Which of the following statement is TRUE?

[  ]

A.

Smoking rates among teenagers have dropped since the late half of 1990’s.

B.

The study only involved in the use of tobacco and alcohol among teenagers.

C.

Smoking is no longer the leading cause of preventable death and disease.

D.

The youngest teenagers questioned in the study were 15 years old.

(3)

In which section of the newspaper could we read the passage?

[  ]

A.

Entertainment.

B.

Sports.

C.

Education.

D.

Health.

(4)

During the past years, the use of Ecstasy among teenagers ________.

[  ]

A.

remains the same

B.

has also decreased

C.

has increased somewhat

D.

is not mentioned

(5)

From the passage, we can learn that ________.

[  ]

A.

America has done a lot to help the teenagers keep off the drugs

B.

the use of illegal drugs among teenagers has dropped greatly

C.

the study was carried out by the Department of Health and Human Services

D.

the teenager smoking rate dropped by 21 percent in recent years

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Description: Bayer Aspirin (generic name: acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and inflammation. Reducing the risk of death due to a heart attack if taken as soon as a heart attack is suspected. Aspirin taken during a suspected heart attack can also lessen the damaging effects of the heart attack. Aspirin can prevent first heart attack and stroke in individuals with angina.

–Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking Aspirin.

–Do not take it if you are allergic to this medicines.

–Do not take it if there is something wrong with your kidney.

B

 

 

Description: SleepWell is a natural herbal medicine which contains ardostchya Jatamanshi and Ferula Narthex raw material. It helps to overcome sleep disorders such as insomnia and restlessness by facilitating the process of falling asleep and providing restful, deep sleep. The benefits of SleepWell include: promotion of good disposition; relief of depression, anxiety and fear; mood swings get less severe; non-drowsy formula without any addictive potential; effective in patients suffering from depression and ailments that cause shaking.

–1 capsule in the morning and 2 capsules in the evening, half hour before going to sleep.

C

 

 

Description: Ultracet contains a combination of tramadol and acetaminophen. Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. Ultracet is used to treat moderate to severe pain. You should not take Ultracet if you are allergic to acetaminophen or tramadol, if you are intoxicated (drunk), or if you have recently used narcotic pain medicine, a sedative or tranquilizer, medicine for depression or mental illness, or any type of drug dealing with stress.

         –Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Ultracet. Alcohol may cause a dangerous decrease in your breathing when used together with Ultracet.

–Do not take it if you have a history of head injury, kidney disease, liver disease.

D

 

 

Description: Ibuprofen is used to reduce fever and treat pain or inflammation caused by many conditions such as headache, toothache, back pain, minor injury, especially effective in patient suffering from arthritis. Ibuprofen may cause life-threatening heart or circulation problems such as heart attack or stroke.

–Do not use ibuprofen you have a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding;asthma; kidney disease; or if you smoke.

–You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ibuprofen, aspirin 

E

 

 

Description: Vicodin contains a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone. Vicodin is used to relieve moderate to severe pain.

Vicodin may impair your thinking or reactions. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how Vicodin will affect you.

It may increase your risk of liver damage.

–Do not take it if you have asthma, COPD, sleep apnea, or other breathing disorders.

–Do not take it if you are having pills dealing with stress; or a history of drug addiction.

F

 

 

Description: Tylenol is used for treating minor aches and pains due to headache, muscle aches, backache, the common cold, flu, toothache, menstrual cramps, and immunizations, and for temporarily reducing fever, especially effective in patient suffering from arthritis.

–Do not take it if you are having pills dealing with stress, if you have a history of alcohol abuse or you drink more than 3 alcohol-containing drinks every day.

–Do not take it if you have any lung disease and liver disease.

请阅读以下人物信息,然后匹配人物能够使用的药品:

1.Davidson Hamilton is a college graduate, but he hasn’t found an ideal work yet. He gets nervous easily in the interview and he is always disappointed at his failure. He thinks his life is filled with too much depression. His anxiety and depression lead to his sleep disorder.

2.Johnson, a retired mineworker, was hit by a stone in the head when he was working ten years ago. He has suffered from stroke ever since he was retired. Due to his old age, he has some lung problem and sometimes he finds it hard to breathe. These days, he has been suffering from headache.

3.Williams was heavily addicted to alcohol when his business failed 2 years ago. Now because of intaking too much wine, he suffers from headache every day. Congenital heart disease doesn’t allow him to take any medicine which causes heart problem and he is allergic to aspirin.

4.Miller, with a slight kidney problem, works as a truck driver in International Freighting Corporation. His work is to deliver goods to different parts of the US. Sometimes, he has to go through a long drive without any meal. So he has been suffering from stomachache for a long time. He caught a cold yesterday and is having a fever now.

5.Davis, an excutive of a compamy, is facing a lot of pressure every day. He often takes medicine treating stress disorder. Recently, he has been suffering from arthritis, which brings him a lot of pain. He wants to have some medicine which can ease his pain effectively.

 

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      An aspirin a day keeps the doctor away. Aspirin has long been praised as a wonder drug and has been in your family since you can remember. Not only does it cure pain, it also lowers the risk of heart attack and stroke (中风). But taking the pills daily may not work for everyone.

      Although taking an occasional aspirin or two is safe for most adults to use for headaches,body aches or fever, daily use of aspirin can have serious side effects. Up to 60 per cent of us,both healthy people and those being treated for all types of heart disease, may have some level of resistance to aspirin' s benefits.

      Aspirin keeps platelets(血小板) from sticking, lowering the risk of clotting(结块). People who are aspirin - resistant still get pain relief but not the full blood - thinning effects.

      How do you know whether you' re resistant? New blood tests can help your doctor decide whether to give you a different medicine, especially if you' re at risk or are being treated for heart disease. The tests aren' t yet widely available, but it doesn' t hurt to ask.

      People taking aspirin daily should limit the amount of alcohol they drink because of its additional blood - thinning effects and potential to upset your stomach. Thus you should not have more than one drink if you' re a woman or two dr/nks a day if you' re a man. Does daily aspirin treatment differ between men and women? Recent studies have focused on the effects of aspirin in women, finding that its effects differ between the sexes, and for women, between age groups.

     All in all, aspirin is still an effective, affordable and simple option for many people at risk of heart attack and stroke. Though it is readily available, always check with your doctor before starting daily aspirin treatment.

 

66. Aspirin has got the reputation of a wonder drug because __  

     A. an aspirin a day keeps the doctor away

     B. it can make people feel less painful

     C. it helps to prevent heart attacks and strokes

     D. it doesn' t have any serious side effects

67. Which of the following statements about aspirin is TRUE?  

     A. Aspirin does have blood - thinning effects.

     B. If you are resistant to aspirin, you won' t feel pain.

     C. People taking aspirin won't suffer from heart attacks.

     D. 60 per cent of people couldn' t benefit from Aspirin.

68. What do we know about the blood tests mentioned in the fourth paragraph?   

     A. The new examination doesn' t hurt at all.

     B. The tests only help aspirin - resistant people.

     C. Doctors do the tests to test new medicines.

     D. Only some people have ever taken the tests.

69. We can/cam from the passage that __  

     A. drinking alcohol will make people feel uncomfortable

      B. drinking alcohol could influence the function of aspirin

      C. alcohol has much greater effects than aspirin on blood - thinning

      D. people should not drink any alcohol while taking aspirin daily

70. What does the writer think of taking aspirin daily?  

      A. People should be careful to make this decision.

      B. This treatment is effective, affordable and simple.

      C. It could be used to cure heart attack and stroke.

      D. Old women should not start this kind of treatment.

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A

Description: Bayer Aspirin (generic name: acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) is often used to relieve minor aches and pains, reduce fever and inflammation. Reducing the risk of death due to a heart attack if taken as soon as a heart attack is suspected. Aspirin taken during a suspected heart attack can also lessen the damaging effects of the heart attack. Aspirin can prevent first heart attack and stroke in individuals with angina.

–Do not lie down for 30 minutes after taking Aspirin.

–Do not take it if you are allergic to this medicines.

–Do not take it if there is something wrong with your kidney.

B

Description: SleepWell is a natural herbal medicine which contains ardostchya Jatamanshi and Ferula Narthex raw material. It helps to overcome sleep disorders such as insomnia and restlessness by facilitating the process of falling asleep and providing restful, deep sleep. The benefits of SleepWell include: promotion of good disposition; relief of depression, anxiety and fear; mood swings get less severe; non-drowsy formula without any addictive potential; effective in patients suffering from depression and ailments that cause shaking.

–1 capsule in the morning and 2 capsules in the evening, half hour before going to sleep.

                                       C

Description: Ultracet contains a combination of tramadol and acetaminophen. Tramadol is a narcotic-like pain reliever. Ultracet is used to treat moderate to severe pain. You should not take Ultracet if you are allergic to acetaminophen or tramadol, if you are intoxicated (drunk), or if you have recently used narcotic pain medicine, a sedative or tranquilizer, medicine for depression or mental illness, or any type of drug dealing with stress.

–Do not drink alcohol while you are taking Ultracet. Alcohol may cause a dangerous decrease in your breathing when used together with Ultracet.

–Do not take it if you have a history of head injury, kidney disease, liver disease.

D

Description: Ibuprofen is used to reduce fever and treat pain or inflammation caused by many conditions such as headache, toothache, back pain, minor injury, especially effective in patient suffering from arthritis. Ibuprofen may cause life-threatening heart or circulation problems such as heart attack or stroke.

–Do not use ibuprofen you have a history of stomach ulcers or bleeding;asthma; kidney disease; or if you smoke.

–You should not use this medication if you are allergic to ibuprofen, aspirin 

E

Description: Vicodin contains a combination of acetaminophen and hydrocodone. Vicodin is used to relieve moderate to severe pain.

Vicodin may impair your thinking or reactions. Avoid driving or operating machinery until you know how Vicodin will affect you.

It may increase your risk of liver damage.

–Do not take it if you have asthma, COPD, sleep apnea, or other breathing disorders.

–Do not take it if you are having pills dealing with stress; or a history of drug addiction.

                 F

Description: Tylenol is used for treating minor aches and pains due to headache, muscle aches, backache, the common cold, flu, toothache, menstrual cramps, and immunizations, and for temporarily reducing fever, especially effective in patient suffering from arthritis.

–Do not take it if you are having pills dealing with stress, if you have a history of alcohol abuse or you drink more than 3 alcohol-containing drinks every day.

–Do not take it if you have any lung disease and liver disease.

    请阅读以下人物信息,然后匹配人物能够使用的药品:

46. Davidson Hamilton is a college graduate, but he hasn’t found an ideal work yet. He gets nervous easily in the interview and he is always disappointed at his failure. He thinks his life is filled with too much depression. His anxiety and depression lead to his sleep disorder.

47. Johnson, a retired mineworker, was hit by a stone in the head when he was working ten years ago. He has suffered from stroke ever since he was retired. Due to his old age, he has some lung problem and sometimes he finds it hard to breathe. These days, he has been suffering from headache.

48. Williams was heavily addicted to alcohol when his business failed 2 years ago. Now because of intaking too much wine, he suffers from headache every day. Congenital heart disease doesn’t allow him to take any medicine which causes heart problem and he is allergic to aspirin.

49. Miller, with a slight kidney problem, works as a truck driver in International Freighting Corporation. His work is to deliver goods to different parts of the US. Sometimes, he has to go through a long drive without any meal. So he has been suffering from stomachache for a long time. He caught a cold yesterday and is having a fever now.

50. Davis, an excutive of a compamy, is facing a lot of pressure every day. He often takes medicine treating stress disorder. Recently, he has been suffering from arthritis, which brings him a lot of pain. He wants to have some medicine which can ease his pain effectively.

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You could fill a store with all the energy drinks available. They promise to make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. These products have names like Red Bull, Monster, Ripped Force, Speed Stack and 5-Hour Energy. They appeal mainly to young people.

Professor Chad Reissig, at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is a medical researcher who studies drug dependence. He says the team he works on got interested in studying energy drinks.

He says the researchers have found three things. One: there are hundreds of brands of energy drinks in most major countries. Two: the drinks are not clearly labeled with enough information. And three: the amount of caffeine differs greatly. Some contain as little as fifty milligrams, while others as much as five hundred.

Some people combine energy drinks with alcohol. They think they can drink more alcohol that way and not be affected. Studies, however, suggest that they are still under the influence of the alcohol even if they do not feel that way.

Some makers of energy drinks do provide warnings. For example, a popular energy drink warns against use by people who are under the age of twelve. The directions also advise people to limit caffeine products and to drink only half the bottle.

The team at Johns Hopkins University published a report in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence. They suggested that the amount of caffeine and other ingredients be clearly listed on the drink. The researchers are continuing to study energy drinks. They are seeking young people who have had a bad experience after drinking them.

50. According to the passage, the energy drinks mainly attract____.

A. young people                                   B. alcohol drinkers

C. university professors                        D. twelve-year-old children

51. The team thinks that the biggest problem of the energy drinks is that        .

A. there are too many brands               B. they are not clearly labeled

C. there is too much caffeine               D. they are not available in some stores

52. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers       .

A. to identify caffeine in energy drinks

B. to take a closer look at energy drinks

C. whether energy drinks are good or bad

D. whether energy drinks make people addicted

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