Four people in England back in 1953, stared at Photo 51,It wasn’t much—a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel Prize for figuring out what the photo really showed –the shape of DNA The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her name was Rosalind Franklin.”She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden.” If her photos hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” One reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholars doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitors

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Click tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at King’s College in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule(分子). The rays produced patterns reflection the shape.

But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick, Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant .But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return, “Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to to go or be put in her place.”

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson  and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin, Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that  “Franklin was only two steps away  from the solution.”

 No, Franklin was the solution. “She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of  DNA . She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the  “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA researchers.

B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA.

D. The race between two teams of scientists.

Watson was angry with Franklin because she     .

A. took the lead in the competition     B. kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong    D. shared her data with other scientists

Why is Franklin described as  “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the  black X-the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A. Disapproving.       B. Respectful.        C.  Admiring.      D. Doubtful.

阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
Have you ever heard the saying “If you want a friend, be one”?
Here is how one new teacher made friends with the girls and boys in her class on the first day of school. As the bell rang, the teacher smiled at each girl and boy. Then she said in a quiet voice, .”Good morning. How nice it is to have all of you in my class this year..I’d like to know each of you .I am sure we will enjoy working together.” Everyone felt that she meant what she said because of her sweet voice and her friendly look.
She told the girls and boys her name and wrote it on the blackboard. Then she told them some of the things she liked to do and she was hoping to do with them during the year.
Then she said to the class, “Now you know my name and the things I like and I want to know your names and the things you like. Then I will feel that I know you.”
Could you make friends by doing the same as this teacher did?
One way of getting to know girls and boys in your class is to find out more about them. It is often to be friends with those people who have the same hobbies with you. You play the same games and go on journeys together.
You may find that some new comers in your class miss their old friends and feel strange and lonely. You can invite them to take a walk or to ride bikes with you. You will find many things in common to talk about. Just talking together in a friendly manners is one good way to make friends.
86 How do you understand the saying “If you want a friend, be one’’?
If you want to have a friend, try to make one be your friend.
You can make friends by doing what a friend should do.
You may have a friend by doing everything for him.
When you need a friend, you have to be a friend of yourself.
87.The teacher’s sweet voice and her friendly look__________.
showed that she would like to be a friend of the girls and boys.
made every girl and boy happy
told the girls and boys everything about herself
meant she wanted to tell the boys and girls something interesting
88. A new comer will be our friend if ____________.
A. he always thinks of his old friend        B  you ask him to do something
C. he knows you very well                 D. you talk with him in a friendly way
89.If you want to make friends with others, which of the following shouldn’t you do?
A. Learn more about them.               B. Go on journeys together
C. Share different hobbies with them        D. Try to be the same to them.
90 What is the best title for this text?
A. A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed     B. The Teacher Can Make Friends with Students
C. How to Make Friends with Students?     D. One Good Way to Make Friends

ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia – One of the world’s most famous fossils (化石) – the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton (骨骼) unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974 – will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States, officials said Tuesday.
Even the Ethiopian public has only seen Lucy twice. The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom. A team from the Museum of National Science in Houston, Texas, spent four years discussing with the Ethiopians for the U.S. tour, which will start in Houston next September.
“Ethiopia’s rich culture of both the past and today, is one of the best kept secrets in the world,” said Joel Bartsch, director of the Houston museum.
The six-year tour will also go to Washington, New York, Denver and Chicago. Officials said six other U.S. cities may be on the tour. But they said plans had not been worked out.
Travelling with Lucy will be 190 other fossils.
Lucy, her name taken from a Beatles song that played in a camp the night of her discovery, is part of the skeleton of what was once a 3-foot-tall ape-man (猿人).
【小题1】The author writes this text mainly to ___ .

While we were riding the old German bus in Albania, a gypsy (吉普赛人) girl got on. She was about seven years old. Most gypsy children had a 36 look in their eyes.

     They were hardened by the world and by 37 they had experienced. The gypsies 38 in slums (贫民窟). The children begged on the streets or did other work so that their parents could 39 to buy wine. Every time we saw these 40 , we could always see the dead look in their eyes. But not this 41 . She was cheerful and had a beautiful smile on her face. As soon as she 42 , she started talking to us. Her name was Angela and she was on her 43 to visit her grandfather in a nearby slum village. I 44 my purse for something nice to give her. 45 , all I had with me was gum. She eagerly put a 46 in her mouth, and then squinted (眯着眼睛看) her eyes because the 47 was mint-flavored (薄荷味). It seemed like she had 48 tasted it before. She 49 in a funny way and the other people on the bus were all amused by what she did. When the bus 50 , she picked up the big bag she was carrying, 51 and jumped out of the bus.

    She is out of my life, but not out of my 52 . This girl deserved so much more than her 53 surroundings, yet she didn’t let any of them get herself 54 . I pray I will 55 her again someday, so that I can give her that hug which I should have given her that day on the bus!

1.                A．worried        B．happy          C．dead D．curious

2.                A．which          B．this            C．that  D．what

3.                A．lived           B．played          C．worked   D．studied

4.                A．manage        B．try             C．have D．afford

5.                A．children        B．adults          C．beggars   D．passers-by

6.                A．day            B．girl            C．place D．story

7.                A．sat down        B．crowded in      C．moved off D．lied down

8.                A．bus            B．car            C．way  D．taxi

9.                A．searched       B．examined       C．touched  D．found

10.               A．Fortunately      B．Sadly           C．Surprisingly D．Clearly

11.               A．little           B．block          C．piece D．set

12.               A．smell          B．sweet          C．sugar D．gum

13.               A．ever           B．never          C．always D．often

14.               A．laughed        B．shouted        C．cried D．complained

15.               A．got on         B．got off         C．pulled in   D．pulled down

16.               A．sighed         B．bent           C．nodded   D．waved

17.               A．feeling         B．dream         C．mind D．eyesight

18.               A．poor           B．warm          C．comfortable    D．rich

19.               A．off            B．up            C．away D．down

20.               A．help           B．meet          C．invite D．thank

My friend, Emma Daniels, spent the summer of 1974 traveling in Israel. During her month-long stay in Jerusalem she often went to a café called Chocolate Soup. It was run by two men, one of whom—Alex—used to live in Montreal. One morning when Emma went in for coffee, while chatting with her new friend Alex, she mentioned that she had just finished the book she was reading and had nothing else to read. Alex said he had a wonderful book she might like, and that he’d be happy to lend it to her. As he lived just above the café, he quickly ran up to get it. The book he handed to Emma just minutes later was Markings, a book by a former Secretary— General of the United Nations (UN).

Emma had never read it, nor had she ever bought a copy. But, when she opened it up, she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover in her own handwriting. It turned out that the summer before, at a concert back in Montreal, Emma had met a Californian who was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange addresses, but neither of them had any paper. The man opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack(背包) and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California, he left the book behind in Montreal, and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later moved to Jerusalem, he took the book along.

1.Alex lent Emma the book, Markings,         .

A．to show his friendliness to her

B．to show his interest in reading

C．to tell her about the importance of the UN

D．to let her write her name and address inside

2.How did Emma feel the moment she opened the book?

A．Pleased.          B．Satisfied           C．Worried.          D．Surprised.

3.We can learn from the text that the Californian       .

A．met Emma at a concert                   B．invited Emma to a concert

C．introduced Emma to his friend             D．left Emma his backpack

4.Who was supposed to be the first owner of the book?

A．An official of the UN.                     B．A coffee shop owner.

C．A friend of the author’s.                 D．Alex’s friend from California.