I was painfully shy as a child. In high school I would avoid participating in class discussions. I was too afraid to talk to anyone but my closest friends~ I would think about being less shy, wanting the courage not only to ask a girl out, but to speak up in class and say what I was thinking. Yet, it never happened. Fears showed themselves in such self-conscious questions as, " What will other people think?  What if she says no?" I felt a dark presence in my mind holding me back.
This shyness continued into college. One day, the question occurred to me: Is life shy?
The thought surprised me ! Think of the leaves bursting out in the spring time, the bird singing at dawn, the sheer number of different forms of life, all expressing the wideness and scope of divine life. There's nothing shy about it. Life is everywhere and attention-grabbing (引人注意的). So, if my creator isn't shy about all the life that needs expressing, I don't need to be either.
I realized that if I wanted to overcome fear and shyness, I would have to put this law of life into practice~ Shyness, fear, and loneliness were hindering me from living my life as life: God wanted me to live it. Therefore, I decided to live how life saw me.
One example: I wrote a note to a girl, asking her out on a date. Even as I was writing it, the fears of disaffirmation and unworthiness came to me. This time however, instead of shrinking back and hiding from the fear, I put the note in the campus mail in spite of myself. I thought: whether she says yes or no, it's still right for me not to be shy. I can live with the confidence sent from the source of my life. The girl saw me in class the next day and told me that she would love to go out with me. I should not have been so surprised!
Bit by bit, I was proving that the limited view of myself no longer had control over me.  After college, I worked as a newspaper reporter, earned an advanced degree in theater, became a productive writer (a lifelong dream), met a special woman whom I married, and even got a job teaching at a university.
【小题1】The writer was shy as a child because of______.

I was painfully shy as a child. In high school I would avoid participating in class discussions. I was too afraid to talk to anyone but my closest friends~ I would think about being less shy, wanting the courage not only to ask a girl out, but to speak up in class and say what I was thinking. Yet, it never happened. Fears showed themselves in such self-conscious questions as, " What will other people think?  What if she says no?" I felt a dark presence in my mind holding me back.

This shyness continued into college. One day, the question occurred to me: Is life shy?

The thought surprised me ! Think of the leaves bursting out in the spring time, the bird singing at dawn, the sheer number of different forms of life, all expressing the wideness and scope of divine life. There's nothing shy about it. Life is everywhere and attention-grabbing (引人注意的). So, if my creator isn't shy about all the life that needs expressing, I don't need to be either.

I realized that if I wanted to overcome fear and shyness, I would have to put this law of life into practice~ Shyness, fear, and loneliness were hindering me from living my life as life: God wanted me to live it. Therefore, I decided to live how life saw me.

One example: I wrote a note to a girl, asking her out on a date. Even as I was writing it, the fears of disaffirmation and unworthiness came to me. This time however, instead of shrinking back and hiding from the fear, I put the note in the campus mail in spite of myself. I thought: whether she says yes or no, it's still right for me not to be shy. I can live with the confidence sent from the source of my life. The girl saw me in class the next day and told me that she would love to go out with me. I should not have been so surprised!

Bit by bit, I was proving that the limited view of myself no longer had control over me.  After college, I worked as a newspaper reporter, earned an advanced degree in theater, became a productive writer (a lifelong dream), met a special woman whom I married, and even got a job teaching at a university.

1.The writer was shy as a child because of______.

A．awareness that life is shy

B．lack of courage to speak out in public

C．fear of others' attitude and reaction

D．failure in his participation in class discussion

2."The law" in Paragraph 4 refers to the fact that______.

A．life is attention-grabbing and divine

B．God treats everything and everyone fairly

C．everything in nature is in the favour of God

D．the creator of life which needs expressing isn't shy

3.It can be learnt from Paragraph 5 that the writer______.

A．didn't hesitate before sending the note

B．wouldn't regret sending the note despite the result

C．was not surprised when the girl agreed to go out

D．believed in God and felt encouraged by the wideness of life

4.The underlined word "disaffirmation" in Paragraph 5 probably means______.

A．rejection          B．laughter           C．regret            D．horror

5.The purpose of writing the text is to______.

A．blame those who are shy and unconfident

B．persuade people to have confidence in their career

C．share the personal experience with the readers

D．prove that the overcome of shyness helps achieve success

Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed (劝诱)downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior        when you make gradual changes that give you time to        negative patterns for positive ones.

On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and        to begin to change a given behavior “today.” Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time        or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high       . In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing        it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.

 After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not        if they start with the change itself.       , they believe that we must        a series of “stages” to adequately prepare ourselves for that        change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that        what you do, you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.

According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most        problems and related behaviors arise from irrational (不理性的) statements that people make to        when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose alter doing        on an exam, you say to yourself, “I can't believe I failed that easy exam, I’m so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” self-talk into rational,        statements about what is really going on, you can increase the        that positive behaviors will occur.

 Positive self-talk might be        as follows: “I really didn’t study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next       .”

 Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from        and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully        or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.

1.A. decline       B. remain  C. disappear      D. improve

2.A. substituteB. cancel     C. find       D. ignore

3.A. refuse        B. determine     C. hesitate         D. advocate

4.A. more B. better   C. worse   D. less

5.A. values         B. requirements        C. expectations D. levels

6.A. whicheverB. however         C. wherever      D. whatever

7.A. succeed     B. fail         C. exist      D. fade

8.A. NeverthelessB. Otherwise C. Instead D. Moreover

9.A. look throughB. break through    C. go through    D. pull through

10.A. initial        B. temporary     C. instant  D. eventual

11.A. involve     B. influence       C. explain D. adjust

12.A. emotionalB. physical         C. technical       D. professional

13.A. all    B. others   C. someone       D. themselves

14.A. poorly      B. carefully        C. completely    D. slowly

15.A. positive    B. ridiculous      C. negative        D. explicit

16.A. danger     B. awareness     C. amount D. probability

17.A. written     B. phrased         C. listed     D. captioned

18.A. research  B. test        C. talk        D. problem

19.A. tirednessB. habits     C. disappointment     D. burdens

20.A. recalling  B. starting C. blocking         D. holding

I was painfully shy as a child. In high school I would avoid participating in class discussions. I was too afraid to talk to anyone but my closest friends~ I would think about being less shy, wanting the courage not only to ask a girl out, but to speak up in class and say what I was thinking. Yet, it never happened. Fears showed themselves in such self-conscious questions as, " What will other people think?  What if she says no?" I felt a dark presence in my mind holding me back.
This shyness continued into college. One day, the question occurred to me: Is life shy?
The thought surprised me ! Think of the leaves bursting out in the spring time, the bird singing at dawn, the sheer number of different forms of life, all expressing the wideness and scope of divine life. There's nothing shy about it. Life is everywhere and attention-grabbing (引人注意的). So, if my creator isn't shy about all the life that needs expressing, I don't need to be either.
I realized that if I wanted to overcome fear and shyness, I would have to put this law of life into practice~ Shyness, fear, and loneliness were hindering me from living my life as life: God wanted me to live it. Therefore, I decided to live how life saw me.
One example: I wrote a note to a girl, asking her out on a date. Even as I was writing it, the fears of disaffirmation and unworthiness came to me. This time however, instead of shrinking back and hiding from the fear, I put the note in the campus mail in spite of myself. I thought: whether she says yes or no, it's still right for me not to be shy. I can live with the confidence sent from the source of my life. The girl saw me in class the next day and told me that she would love to go out with me. I should not have been so surprised!
Bit by bit, I was proving that the limited view of myself no longer had control over me.  After college, I worked as a newspaper reporter, earned an advanced degree in theater, became a productive writer (a lifelong dream), met a special woman whom I married, and even got a job teaching at a university

1. 1.

   The writer was shy as a child because of______.

   1. A.
      awareness that life is shy
   2. B.
      lack of courage to speak out in public
   3. C.
      fear of others' attitude and reaction
   4. D.
      failure in his participation in class discussion
2. 2.

   "The law" in Paragraph 4 refers to the fact that______.

   1. A.
      life is attention-grabbing and divine
   2. B.
      God treats everything and everyone fairly
   3. C.
      everything in nature is in the favour of God
   4. D.
      the creator of life which needs expressing isn't shy
3. 3.

   It can be learnt from Paragraph 5 that the writer______.

   1. A.
      didn't hesitate before sending the note
   2. B.
      wouldn't regret sending the note despite the result
   3. C.
      was not surprised when the girl agreed to go out
   4. D.
      believed in God and felt encouraged by the wideness of life
4. 4.

   The underlined word "disaffirmation" in Paragraph 5 probably means______.

   1. A.
      rejection
   2. B.
      laughter
   3. C.
      regret
   4. D.
      horror
5. 5.

   The purpose of writing the text is to______.

   1. A.
      blame those who are shy and unconfident
   2. B.
      persuade people to have confidence in their career
   3. C.
      share the personal experience with the readers
   4. D.
      prove that the overcome of shyness helps achieve success

We may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting half­way through a story only to realize that we've told this exact tale before to the same  person. Why do  we  make  such  memory mistakes?

According to the research published in Psychological Science, it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.

Researchers Nigel Gopie, of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto, and Colin Macleod, of the University of Waterloo, divided memory into two kinds. The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from. The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall who we have given information to.

They found that source memory functions better than destination memory, in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.

To study the differences between source memory and destination memory, the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students, according to a New York Times report. The students were asked to associate (联想) 50 random(随意的) facts with the faces of 50 famous people. Half of the students“told”each fact to one of the faces, reading it aloud when the celebrity's(名人的) picture appeared on a computer screen. The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.

When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces, the students who were giving information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)．

The researchers concluded that out­going information was less associated with its environmental context (背景)—that is，the person—than was incoming information.

This makes sense given what is known about attention. A person who is giving information, even little facts, will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said. Because our attention is limited，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.

After a second experiment with another group of 40 students, the researchers concluded that self­focus is another factor that undermines destination memory.

They asked half the students to continue giving out random information, while the other told things about themselves. This time around, those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.

“When you start telling these personal facts compared with non­self facts, suddenly destination memory goes down more, suggesting that it is the self­focus component (成分) that's reducing the memory.”Gopie told Live Science.

60．The point of this article is to ________.

A. give advice on how to improve memory

B. say what causes the memory to worsen

C. explain why we repeat stories to those we've already told them to

D. discuss the differences between source memory and destination memory

61．What can we learn from the article?

A. Source memory helps us remember who we have  told the information to.

B. One's limited attention is one of the reasons why those reading aloud to the celebrity's pictures    perform worse on the memory test.

C. Silent reading is a better way to remember information than reading aloud.

D. It tends to be more difficult for people to link incoming information with its environmental context than outgoing information.

62．The underlined word“undermines” probably means________.

A. weakens         B. benefits

C. explains          D. supports

63．What did the scientists conclude from the second experiment?

A. Destination memory is weaker than source memory.

B. Focusing attention on oneself leads to relatively poor source memory performance.

C. Associating personal experience with information helps people memorize better.

D. Self­focus is responsible for the reduction of destination memory.