Windsurfing is a sport that combines sailing and surfing．In 1948，twenty-year-old Newman Darby first thought of using a handheld sail to contro1 a small boat．Darby did not apply for a patent(专利)for his design at first．However，he is recognized as the inventor of the first sailboard．

Californians Jim Drake，a sailor and engineer，and Hoyle Schweitzer，a surfer and skier received the patent for a sailboard．They called their design a windsurfer．The early windsurfer boards measured 3．5 meters long and weighed 60 pounds．Later in the l980s，Newman Darby did apply for and receive a design patent for a one—person sailboat．

  In the late l940s，Newman Darby found he could control a 3-meter-long sailboat and make turns even without a rudder(舵)．In l964 he designed the first universal joint(万向接头)to go along with a flat bottom sailing boat．This sailboard was equipped with a universal joint，a board and a kite—shaped free sail and thus windsurfing was born．

  Naomi Darby，Newman’s wife，was the first woman windsurfer and helped her husband build and design the first sailboard．She sailed while standing up，controlling the boat without the use of a rudder．She tilted(倾斜)the sail to change directions．This was something that had never been done before．

  Hoyle Schweitzer began producing sailboards in the early 1970s．The sport became very popular in Europe．By the late 1970s，windsurfing fever had Europe firmly in its grasp with one in every three families having a sailboard．

  The first windsurfing world championship was held in 1973．Windsurfing first became an Olympic sport for men in l984 and for women in l992．

1.Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer received the patent for the design of      ．

    A．a sailboard called windsurfer    B．a kite—shaped free sail

    C．the first universal joint        D．a one—person sailboat

2.What can we learn from the text?  

    A．Hoyle Schweitzer was a sailor and Jim Drake was a surfer．

    B．Newman Darby’s wife supported him in his invention．

    C．Newman Darby was the first to tilt the sail to change directions．

    D．The first world windsurfing competition was held in the late l970s．

3.Which is the correct order of the following events?

  a．Newman Darby thought of controlling a boat with a handheld sail．

  b．Newman Darby received his design patent．

  c．Windsurfing became popular in Europe．

  d．Windsurfing became an Olympic sport for women．

  A．acbd    B．abcd    C．acdb     D．bacd

4.What is the main idea of the text?

  A．The invention of windsurfing． B．How windsurfing was popular in the world．

  C．The history of windsurfing．  D．How windsurfing became an Olympic sport．

They may be small and not able to speak, but babies are proving their amazing cleverness. Scientists began finding infants’ skills are more than they are supposed to be.

_________

Speaking of music, babies can’t seem to resist it. Not only are their ears turned to the beats, babies can actually dance to the music.

To test babies’ dancing ability, the researchers played recordings of classical music, rhythmic beats and speech to infants, and recorded the results. They also invited professional dancers to analyze how well the babies matched their movements to the music. The babies moved their arms, hands, legs feet and heads in response to the music, much more than to the speech. The finding suggests this dancing ability is innate(与生俱来的) in humans, though the researchers aren’t sure why it becomes weaker later in their life.

Learning Quickly while Sleeping

Babies can learn even while asleep, according to a 2011 study. In experiments with 26 sleeping infants, each just 1 to 2 days old, scientists played a musical tone followed by a puff of air to their eyes 200 times over the course of a half-hour. 124 electrodes(电极) stuck on the head and face of each baby recorded brain activity during the experiments. The babies rapidly learned to foretell a puff of air upon hearing the tone, showing a four-time increase on average in the chances of tightening their eyelids in response to the sound by the end of the experiments.

As newborns spend most of their time asleep, this newfound ability might be crucial to rapidly adapting to the world around them and help to ensure their survival, researchers said.

Judging Characters Well

Judging another person helpful or harmful is crucial when choosing friends. And that ability starts early. Kiley Hamlin of Yale University showed both 6-and 10-month-olds a puppet(木偶) show, in which one character helped another climb a hill. In another scene a third character pushed the climber down. The little ones then got to choose which character they preferred. For both age groups, most babies chose the helper character. This character-judging ability could be baby’s first step in the formation of morals, Hamlin thought.

1.Which of the following subtitles can fill in the underlined blank?

2.The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph refers to______.

3.The experiment with 26 sleeping infants prove that_______.

4.In the last experiment, most babies chose the helper character, showing that________.

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A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce (确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically these sleepyhead students aren’t used to the early hour.

“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent  (青春期的) sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.

Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level. she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns.

Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.

Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at nigh and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice –their bodies are going through a change of sleep patters.

All of this makes the transfer from middle school to high school—which may start one hour earlier in the morning  ---- all the more difficult , Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescent are up against difficulties when it conics to trying to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first hell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”

Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because ________.

A. it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime

B. it is biologically difficult for students to rise early

C. students work so late at night that they can’t get up early

D. students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early

The underlined phrase “nod off” most probably means “ _______”.

A. turn around    B. agree with others  C. fall asleep  D. refuse to work

What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?

A. Adolescents depend more on their parents.

B. Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.

C. Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.

D. Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.

What is the test mainly about?

A. Adolescent heath care.      B. Problems in adolescent learning.

C. Adolescent sleep difficulties.   D. Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.

On my birthday this year, I decided to do something very different. I had been   36   so much and I wanted to reach out to bring happiness to someone else. So, that   37  , I bought some flowers and went to a hospital. I had no   38   who I was going to present the flowers to, but I would find someone who needed   39  .

I asked the nurses in the hospital, who thought it   40   that I didn’t have anyone in particular to see.   41  , they gave me the room number of a(n)   42   lady, who needed some comfort.

I entered the room with the flowers. The elderly woman looked up, staring at me   43  . She was greatly moved when I told her about my   44   in being there. She was an amputee(被截肢者) and she explained to me that she was very worried   45   they were going to fit her with prosthetic leg(假肢). She knew that as she was getting used to the “  46 ”leg, she would be in  47  .

Later, in the following two hours, we  48  a lot and both felt very happy. I  49   until it was dark. I will always remember how   50   she was the moment she received the flowers from me—a   51  . She called me her angel and said she had no more   52  .

I   53   that story with my neighbor and she   54  that she was going to do the same thing on her birthday. And I hope that she will   55  others to be kind and do the same thing. You never know you might be considered someone’s angel one day.

A. shown            B. told                  C. given                D. bought

A. dusk              B. afternoon          C. hour                 D. night

A. belief            B. sense                C. message            D. idea

A. paying attention to              B. cheering up

         C. looking after                    D. looking down upon

A. strange        B. lucky              C. difficult         D. true

A. Instead        B. Still               C. Besides          D. Therefore

A. young         B. old                C. happy           D. strong

A. angrily        B. suddenly        C. quickly          D. confusedly

A. purpose       B. experience      C. failure            D. trouble

A. unless         B. but                     C. because         D. until

A. thin          B. long                    C. short            D. new

A. surprise       B. pain                    C. need            D. sight

A. talked         B. asked             C. imagined        D. smiled

A. left            B. stood             C. stayed          D. rested

A. painful      B. shy               C. embarrassed   D. moved

A. stranger     B. friend             C. relative       D. doctor

A. fun            B. interest            C. fear                  D. challenge

A. repeated    B. shared             C. said             D. told

A. agreed         B. forgot            C. joked         D. promised

A. force          B. warm                   C. allow         D. encourage

A twenty-nine-year-old kindergarten teacher from Maryland was named National Teacher of the Year in 2006. On June first she would begin a year as a national and international spokeswoman for education.

     Kimberly Oliver was the first National Teacher of the Year from her state. She taught five-year-old children at a public school in Maryland, near Washington, D.C. President Bush honored her and other top teachers at the White House.

     Kimberly Oliver said she wanted people to understand that the first several years of a child’s life were the most important for learning. She said investing in children at a very young age would result in great gains later in school and in life. She called on parents to read to children from an early age so they would not fall behind in school. One of the activities at her school was an event called “ Books and Supprer Night ”. Families read together at the school and received free books to take home. Parents, children and teachers also ate dinner together.

     Broad Acres Elementary School was in a poor area. Many of the parents were immigrants with limited English. Kimberly Oliver helped improve learning environment at her school. She received money to buy electronic learning systems, tape players and books in English and Spanish and sent them home with students. Parents said she had shown them how to help their children at home.

     She was born and raised in Delaware. She held one degree in English and another in Elementary Education. Kimberly Oliver would follow in the footsteps of another teacher Jason Kamras from the Washington area as National Teacher of the Year. Jason Kamras, as honored for his work, teaching math to middle school students in the nation’s capital.

     The National Teacher of the Year program began in 1952. A fourteen-member committee choose from among teachers honored as the best in their states.

From the text we know that in the state of Maryland, __________.

   A. no other teacher than Kimberly Oliver had been given the honor

   B. Kimberly Oliver had been teaching in a middle school for many years

   C. Kimberly opened her own school early in Washington in 1952

   D. many other teachers were given the honor together with Oliver

Oliver hoped that parents should __________.

   A. spend more time playing with their children

   B. read to their children at an early age 

   C. not give too much money to their children

   D. stay at school with their children more often

Kimberly Oliver had been named National Teacher of the Year mostly because ___________.

   A. she taught five-year old children at a public school

   B. the elementary school she taught in is in a poor area

   C. she was helpful ahd had many special and good ideas in teaching children

   D. she called on parents to read to children from an early age

The National Teacher just before Oliver comes from __________.

   A. Delaware      B. Maryland      C. New York    D. Washington