摘要：Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage? A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria? B. How many people are killed by malaria each year? C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria? D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long? PART FOUR: WRITING Section A Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit.Fill in the blanks NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS . Do you know that more than 70% of the earth dryland is affected by desertification? About 3.6 billion of the world’s 5.2 billion hectares of useful dryland for agriculture has suffered erosion and soil degradation. In more than 100 countries, 1 billion of the 6 billion world population is affected by desertification, forcing people to leave their farms for jobs in the cities. Desertification takes place in dryland areas where the earth is especially fragile, where rainfall is nil and the climate harsh. The result is the destruction of topsoil followed by loss of the land’s ability to sustain crops, livestock or human activity. The economic impact is horrendous, with a loss of more than billion per year in agricultural goods and an increase in agricultural prices. Climate changes can trigger the desertification process, but human activities frequently are the proximate cause. Overcultivation exhausts the soil. Defoerstation removes trees that hold the soil to the land. Overgrazing of livestock strips the land of grasses. According to a UN study, about 30% of the earth’s land -----including the 70% of dryland---- is affected by drought. Everyday, about 33,000 people starve to death. Desertification create conditions that intensify wildfires and stirring winds, adding to the tremendous pressure to earth’s most precious resource, water, and of course, the animal dependent on it. According to the World Fund for Nature, the world lost about 30% of its natural wealth between 1970 and 1995. Dust from deserts and drylands are blown into cities around the world. Dust from America reaches Europe through the Pasat wind, and even reaches US cities. Dust particles, which are less than 2.5 millionths of a meter in size, are inhaled, causing health problems and have been shown to boost death rates. Desertification causing natural changes and 72. . The UN has called on all the countries to work together to fight against desertification, and better our living conditions. Theme Human activities: ●Overcultivation ●75. ●76. 73. : ● Fragile earth ● 74. ● Harsh climate 77. : ● Loss of agricultural goods; ●Increase in agricultural prices. Effects Human sufferings: ● Starvation; ● Health problems ● .78. Natural wealth loss: ● 79. ; ● Stirring winds; ● Water; ● Sandstorms. Causes Title : 71. 4. 80. Fighting against desertification and bettering living conditions. Section B Agricultural scientists in the United States have put a copy of a human gene into pigs, sheep and rabbits. They report that the gene seems to be working in some of the animals. The gene that the scientists are using controls the production of human growth hormone .a chemical necessary for growth. They are using the human gene because it has been more closely studied than any other growth gene. The scientists hope their work will someday result in food animals that grow faster and larger or produce more milk or eggs. The research is being done by scientists at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Washington and the United States Department of agriculture. The scientists put copies of human growth hormone into the fertilized eggs of the female animals. When baby animals were born from the eggs, the scientists looked for evidence that the human gene had become part of the animal’s genetic material. They examined almost 200 baby pigs and found the gene in 20 of them. They found it in 28 of more than 200 rabbits, but it was in only one of 73 baby sheep. The scientists said they found the human growth chemical produced by the gene in some of the animals. It is too soon to know if the animals will pass the transplanted human growth gene to their young, proving that the gene has become permanent part of their genetic material. Similar research with mice two years ago produced a new kind of mouse that is two times larger than normal. The scientists hope the same thing will happen with farm animals. They say their research will permit other gene transplants that can give animals defense against diseases, or let them live in very hot or very cold places. American farmers already use chemical hormones to increase the size of cattle and the amount of milk they produce. But they have to put the hormones into the cows. If the gene transplants are fully successful, the cow’s body will produce growth hormone.

网址：http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu_id_3211011[举报]

For a clearer picture of what the student knows, most teachers use another kind of examination in addition to objective tests. They use “essay” tests, which require students to write long answers to broad, general questions such as the following: “Mention several ways in which Benjamin Franklin has influenced thinking of people in his own country and in other parts of the world.”
One advantage of the essay test is that it reduces the element of luck. The student cannot get a high score just by making a lucky guess. Another advantage is that it shows the examiner more cares about the student’s ability to put facts together into a meaningful whole. It should show how deeply he has thought about the subject. Sometimes, though, essay tests have disadvantages, too. Some students are able to write rather good answers without really knowing much about the subject, while other students who actually know the material have trouble expressing their ideas in the essay form.
Besides, in an essay test the student’s score may depend upon the examiner’s feelings at the time of reading the answer. If he is feeling tired or bored, the student may receive a lower score than he should. Another examiner reading the same answer might give it a much higher mark. Because of this, the objective test gives each student a fairer chance, and of course it is easier and quicker to score.
Whether an objective test or an essay test is used, problems arise. When some objective questions are used along with some essay questions, however, a fairly clear picture of the student’s knowledge can usually be gotten.

  1. 1.

    What may have been discussed in the previous paragraphs?

    1. A.
      The essay test.
    2. B.
      How teachers test their students.
    3. C.
      How students write their essays.
    4. D.
      The objective test.
  2. 2.

    The essay test is preferred because ______.

    1. A.
      it shows more about the student’s understanding of the subject
    2. B.
      it tests the student’s knowledge of the material as well as his expression of ideas
    3. C.
      it gives each student a fairer chance
    4. D.
      its scoring may be influenced by the examiner’s feelings
  3. 3.

    The underlined word “this” refers to the fact that ______.

    1. A.
      students may receive a lower score in an essay test
    2. B.
      another examiner usually gives the answer a higher mark
    3. C.
      different examiners may give the same essay different scores
    4. D.
      the objective test gives each student a fairer chance
  4. 4.

    According to the passage, which of the following statements about the objective test is NOT true?

    1. A.
      It is more objective than the essay test in terms of scoring.
    2. B.
      It allows the student to guess the correct answer without really knowing the material.
    3. C.
      It shows the student’s ability to think about difficult problems.
    4. D.
      It is easy and quick to score.
 查看习题详情和答案>>

Men have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.

In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.

The study's participants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.

Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the bottom.

The aggregate（总数）scores of men and women were similar.

One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their homes.

"The female developmental program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground.," the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying.

The research tallies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.

It has been said that men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.

A past study has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds.

The argument for the change is that the increase of coursework at the cost of exams favors women's steady approach.

1.The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ________.

A．man are smarter then women

B．man are more stupid the women

C．a new fact about the IQ of men and women has been found

D．men are more likely to receive first class university degrees

2.According to Timothy Bates, less women are in the smartest group because _________.

A．they are born stupid

B．they have to spend more time to tale care of their homes than men

C．they don’t like to take risk

D．they are not expected to be high achievers

3.The underlined word tallies with in the eighth paragraph means________.

A．agree with         B．deal with          C．go against         D．go with

4.It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

A．Women are steadier in their learning.

B．men are more ready to take risk in everything

C．women are securing more firsts and seconds

D．women are doing much better in academy

5.Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage? _________.

A．Why are men smarter than women?

B．Why are men more stupid than women?

C．How does the result go along with the past research?

D．How can we help the men in the bottom?

 

 查看习题详情和答案>>

Men have always believed that they are smarter than women. Now, a study has found that while this is certainly true, men also have to deal with the fact that they are also more stupid than the fairer sex.
In the study, scientists measured the IQ of 2500 brothers and sisters and they found an uneven number of men not only in the top two percent, but also in the bottom two percent.
The study's participants were tested on science, maths, English and mechanical abilities.
Though there were twice as many men as women in the smartest group, there were also twice as many men among the bottom.
The aggregate（总数）scores of men and women were similar.
One of the study's authors, psychology professor Timothy Bates, said that the phenomenon may be because men have always been expected to be high achievers and women have been restricted to spend more time taking care of their homes.
"The female developmental program may be tilted more towards ensuring survival and the safety of the middle ground.," the Daily Mail quoted Professor Bates, of Edinburgh University, as saying.
The research tallies with past results that men were more likely than women to receive first class University degrees or thirds and women secured the seconds.
It has been said that men are more ready to take risk when it comes to academics. Women have always found to be steadier in their learning.
A past study has shown that women are securing more firsts and seconds, while men are continuing to receive more thirds.
The argument for the change is that the increase of coursework at the cost of exams favors women's steady approach

  1. 1.

    The purpose of the passage is to tell us that ________

    1. A.
      man are smarter then women
    2. B.
      man are more stupid the women
    3. C.
      a new fact about the IQ of men and women has been found
    4. D.
      men are more likely to receive first class university degrees
  2. 2.

    According to Timothy Bates, less women are in the smartest group because _________

    1. A.
      they are born stupid
    2. B.
      they have to spend more time to tale care of their homes than men
    3. C.
      they don’t like to take risk
    4. D.
      they are not expected to be high achievers
  3. 3.

    The underlined word tallies with in the eighth paragraph means________

    1. A.
      agree with
    2. B.
      deal with
    3. C.
      go against
    4. D.
      go with
  4. 4.

    It can be inferred from the passage that_________

    1. A.
      Women are steadier in their learning
    2. B.
      men are more ready to take risk in everything
    3. C.
      women are securing more firsts and seconds
    4. D.
      women are doing much better in academy
  5. 5.

    Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage? _________

    1. A.
      Why are men smarter than women?
    2. B.
      Why are men more stupid than women?
    3. C.
      How does the result go along with the past research?
    4. D.
      How can we help the men in the bottom?
 查看习题详情和答案>>

 Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.

   Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染). They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.

    For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.

1. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.

A.     they are too poor

B.      it is unusual to seek care

C.      they can remain unaffected for long

D.     there are too many people suffering from the disease

2.People suffering from malaria___.

A.     have to kill female mosquitoes

B.      have ability to defend parasites

C.      have their red blood cells infected

D.     have sudden fever, followed by chills

3.Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

A.     Its resistance to global warming.

B.      Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

C.      Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.

D.     Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

4.It can be inferred from the passage that___.

A.     no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B.      the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C.      malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D.     nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

5.Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

A.     How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B.      How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C.      Why are there so many people suffering from malaria7

D.     What has been done to keep people unaffected for long7

 

 查看习题详情和答案>>

                             Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic(寄生虫引起的) disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.

   Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染). They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.

    For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.

51. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because___.

A. they are too poor                  B. it is unusual to seek care

C. they can remain unaffected for long   D. there are too many people suffering from the disease

52. People suffering from malaria___.

A. have to kill female mosquitoes       B. have ability to defend parasites

C. have their red blood cells infected     D. have sudden fever, followed by chills

53. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

A. Its resistance to global warming.           

B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations. 

D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

54. It can be inferred from the passage that___.

A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

55. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria7

D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long7

 查看习题详情和答案>>

违法和不良信息举报电话：027-86699610 举报邮箱：58377363@163.com

精英家教网