摘要: 指示代词.定冠词 2. 数量词 3. 性质词 4. 大小 5. 形状 6. 老少.新旧 7. 颜色 8. 材料 但要注意的是英语的习惯是一个名词前的形容词一般不要多于三个. 如: What a pretty little white horse! Those first few short English stories were not difficult to understand. [误] The best way to learn English good is to speak with Englishman every day. [正] The best way to learn English well is to speak with Englishman every day. [析] good是形容词.这里是修饰动词speak的.所以应用副词well.但well作形容词讲时只作身体好.如:He is well..He is good.. [误] The children play on the grass nappyly. [正] The children play on the grass happily? [析] 多音节y结尾的形容词变为副词时应将y变为i再加ly. [误] The teacher looked angry at the students. [正] The teacher looked angrily at the students. [析] 英语中感观动词后面要接形容词.这时它是修饰主语的.如:The food smells good.食物闻起来很香.The teacher looked angry 老师看起来很生气. 而此句的意思为:"老师生气地看着学生".所以应用副词形式. [误] He worked with me friendly. [正] He was friendly to me. [析] 不是所有结尾是ly的词都是副词.但friendly是形容词.这样的词还有lovely, lonely, costly, lively-monthly weekly-.但其中有些词既是副词.又是形容词.如:early, hourly, monthly- [误] You can speak free in front of your friends. [正] You can speak freely in front of your friends. [析] free作为形容词意为"自由的.有空闲的.免费的".作为副词讲则是"免费"之意.而freely作为副词则是"自由的.随便的".这些要注意的词还有:hard 努力.艰苦 hardly 几乎不 late 迟.晚lately 最近的.最新的 near 近 nearly 几乎like 像 likely 几乎 [误] They must have arrived till now. [正] They must have arrived by now. [析] by now是用于表达到目前为止某一动作已经发生.所以应用瞬间动词.而till now是强调某一动作一直持续到现在.所以一定要用持续性动词.must have+过去分词是对过去某一事情所作的肯定推测. [误] Someone called you right now. [正] Someone called you just now. [析] just now有两个意思.其一是"刚才".其二是"现在".而right now只能用于现在的状态.just则用于完成时态.如: I have just finished my homework. [误] My father will be back from America at present. [正] My father will be back from America presently. [析] presently有两个意思:其一是最近.不久.其二在美语中是现在之意.与at present相同.而for the present为暂时.如: I teach English in the school for the present. [误] I'll be back at the moment. [正] I'll be back in a moment. [析] at the moment 其意为"现在.当时".而in a moment意为"马上过一会".与in a minute意思相近. [误] The train from Shanghai will arrive here in time. [正] The train from Shanghai will arrive here on time. [析] on time为"准时".而in time有两个含意.其一是"及时".如:The doctor arrived in time.其二是"将来.终究". [误] I met an old friend sometimes last month. [正] I met an old friend sometime last month. [析] Sometime 过去.或者将来某时.Sometimes 有时 如: Sometimes I go to school by bus. Some time 一些时间 如: I need sometime to do my homework. Some times 几次 如: I went to Shanghai sometimes this month. at times 有时.偶尔 at all times 经常 some other time 改天 [误] I had met an old friend three days ago. [正] I had met an old friend three days before. [正] I met an old friend three days ago. * ago 用在时间状语中时.主句中谓语动词一般用过去时.而before用于时间状语时则主句的谓语动词宜用完成时态. [误] He studied very hard. and at the end he passed the exam. [正] He studied very hard, and in the end he passed the exam. [析] in the end=at last 意为"最终.终于".表达经过若干努力而达到的结果.而at the end是在某事的结束时如何如何.如:At the end of class, the teacher gave us some story books. [误] I will come here to help you each three days. [正] I will come here to help you every three days. [析] every three days 为"每三天".即每隔二天.而every other day为每隔一天. [误] He didn't go to the cinema yesterday. and I didn't go, too. [正] He didn't go to the cinema yesterday and I didn't go either. [析] 英语中表示"也".有4个字.also, as well, too, either.但either用于否定句中.而前3个用于肯定句中.在肯定句中too与as well一般要用在句尾.而also则可用于句中.如:She went to the party and her boy friend went there too. 又如: I've also read her other novels. [误] We should help the poor girl in anyway. [正] We should help the poor girl in any way. [析] anyway为"不管怎么"讲."无论如何".如:What a terrible accident, anyway no one was hurt. any way 为"任何方式".这种常见的错误还发生在以下几组词中.如: everyday 日常的 every day 每天 faraway 遥远的 far away 远离 altogether 总计 all together 一块.大家一起 already 已经 all ready 全准备好了 [误] You can come to the doctor's at anytime. [正] You can come to the doctor's at any time. [析] anytime 是副词 而any time中的time是名词. [误] She said nearly nothing. [正] She said almost nothing. [析] nearly 与 almost的含意相近.在很多场合可以互换.但在否定词前用almost. [误] There are too much mistakes in your homework. [正] There are too many mistakes in your homework. [析] too much 后接不可数名词.如:There is too much water for the flowers. 而too many 后加可数名词.much too 后面加形容词.如:It is much too difficult to learn English well. [误] It is late enough that we can go home now. [正] It is late enough for us to go home now. [析] 要注意的是enough后面一般不接从句而接不定式.或不定式的复合结构:for somebody to do something. [误] The twins are very alike. [正] The twins are much alike. [析] 用a为首字母的形容词不能用very修饰.一般要用much来修饰. [误] - How long does he write to his parents? - Once a week. [正] - How often does he write to his parents? - Once a week. [析] 英文与中文表达法不同.隔多长时间办一次某事.实际上问的是该事发生的频率.所以要用how often. [误] As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call up you. [正] As soon as I arrive in New York, I'll call you up. [析] 当动词词组的宾语是人称代词时则一定要放于动词之后.如果是名词则可以放在词组其后.如:I want to watch TV. Please turn on the TV. 也可以讲: Please turn the TV on. [误] He drove quickly his new car. [正] He drove his new car quickly. [析] 副词在句中的位置很活.但主要有以下几种用法:①实意动词之前.如:He quickly give me the answer. ② 在be动词之后.如:The little boy is often late for class. ③ 第一助动词之后.如:This book has almost been finished. ④ 在单独使用的be动词和助动词之前.如: Can you help me this afternoon? I certainly can.但是无论如何也不能将副词置于动词与宾语之间.如果是宾语从句或是很长的名词 词组作宾语则才可以这样用: He heard clearly what the teacher said. [误] The children came late yesterday to the cinema. [正] The children came late to the cinema yesterday. [析] 表示一定长度的时间的副词不应放于句中.可放于句尾.如果表示强调则可放于句首. [误] You have few new books, haven't you? [正] you have few new books, have you? [析] 英语中的数量形容词有两组.修饰可数名词的有few.a few,修饰不可数名词的有little .a little.要注意的是当few和little用于句中时应看作否定句.而 a few 和a little 用于句中时则应看作是肯定句. [误] He spent quite little money on his food. [正] He spent quite a little money on his food. [析] quite a 为一固定用法.其意为"十分.相当.所以". quite a few=many, quite a little=much 而only a little=little, only a few=few. [误] Do you want to have many bread? [正] Do you want to have some bread? [析] some与any都可以用作形容词.副词或代词.在一般情况下.some用于肯定句.any用于疑问句和否定句.但在希望得到肯定答复时.应用some. 其次是some 可以用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词. [误] Please tell me where the shoes shop is? [正] Please tell me where the shoe shop is. [析] 在用名词作修饰词来修饰另一名词时.这个作修饰词的名词应用单数形式.如: a shoe shop 鞋店 a fruit shop 水果店 a book shop 书店 a post office 邮局 a police station 警察局 a bus stop 汽车站 [误] He is weak at physics. [正] He is weak in physics. [析] 在表达擅长于作某事时用be good at something, 而其反意词为be bad at something. 但be weak in something. [误] This dictionary is worth to buy. [正] This dictionary is worth buying. [析] be worth 后可接动.名词表达值得作某事.又可接价格.金钱表示值多少钱. [误] Don't afraid of that. [正] Don't be afraid of that. [析] afraid 在英文中是形容词而不是动词.这样的词组还有: be afraid of 害怕 be careful of 小心 be certain of 有把握.确定 be sure of 确信 be glad of 高兴 be sick of 厌恶 be fond of 喜欢 [误] The work has already been done well. [正] The work has already been well done. [析] well 与badly作副词时.表示好坏.如果句子是被动语态.则应放在过去分词之前.如:This machine has been badly damaged. 如果句子是主动语态.则应放于句末.如:I did my homework well. [误] We are yet in the classroom now. [正] We are already in the classroom now. [析] already主要用于肯定句.而yet多用于否定句和疑问句中.如: Did you finish it? No. not yet. [误] Look. Here comes he! [正] Look! Here he comes! [误] Look! Here the bus comes! [正] Look! Here comes the bus! [析] 在句子开头用Here时.如主语是人称代词则不要用倒装语序.如果主语是名词则要用倒装语序. [误] She is my older sister. [正] She is my elder sister. [析] elder 和eldest是用来指家庭中兄弟姐妹的长幼关系.而older, oldest 则是指岁数大多少.如:She is three years older than I. [误] I'm tired. I can't go further. [正] I'm tired. I can't go farther. [析] far有两个比较级 farther 较远的.further 进一步的.如:Do you need any further explanation? 你需要进一步的解释吗?当然它也有两个最高级.farthest和furthest. [误] I went to Beijing University five years before. [正] I went to Beijing University five years ago. [析] ago常与过去时连用.而before则多与完成时连用. [误] - Have you finished your homework? - No, not already. [正] - Have you finished your homework? - No, not yet. [析] 仍然有三个英文字可以表达它们是already. yet 与 still. 要注意的是 already经常用于肯定句中.如The bus has already gone. 而yet 多用于疑问句和否定句中.如:Have you finished your homework yet? 而still则常用于主语与谓语动词之间.如:We still can't decide what to do. 但也有时用于be 动词之后.如:He is still here. [误] He is very higher than I am. [正] He is much higher than I am. [析] much可以用来修饰比较级.而very则用来修饰形容词原级.如:I'm very tired. [误] - Can I walk to the station? - You'd better not. It is very far. [正] - Can I walk to the station? - You'd better not, It is a long way. [析] for一般用在疑问句与否定句中.如:How far is it from here to the station? 又如:It isn't far. [误] I've ever been to America. [正] I've been to America once. [析] once 多用于肯定句.而ever则用于疑问句.否定句.及条件状语从句中.如:Have you ever been to London? [误] - Could you pass the exam this time? - No, I am not afraid so. [正] - Could you pass the exam this time? - No, I'm afraid not. [析] 在肯定的答语中我们可以用so来代替上句所讲的事件.如:Do you think she is a good student? Yes I think so, /I hope so, /I believe so/ I'm afraid so.但在否定的答语中.英语口语的习惯用法则有所不同.如.I don't think so 而在hope, belive 与 afraid后则常用not. 如:I hope not. [误] She didn't work enough hard, so she couldn't pass the exam. [正] She didn't work hard enough, so she couldn't pass the exam. [析] enough 可以作名词用.如:Enough has been said for how to learn English well. (对于如何学好英语已经讲的足够多了.)另外它可以作为形容词.如:I have enough money to buy this dictionary. 注意 enough作为形容词时即可放于名词前又可放于名词后.在初中范围的考题中多用于名词之前.如果enough 作为副词用.那么它一定要放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后. [误] You can't be very careful. [正] You can't be too careful. [析] 此句话的含意是你如何小心也不过分.too-to的用法是"太--以至于不能作某事".但在实际应用时也常常将后面的to省去.如:It is too expensive for me.那对我来讲是太贵了. [误] He is good past fifty. [正] He is well past fifty. [析] well 作为副词用时除用于"好"之外还有"大大地.远远地".等意.往往有人对下面两句的对或错有争议, He is well. He is good. 其实这两句都是正确的表达法.只不过其含意不同.He is well是"他身体不错".而He is good 则为"他是个好人". [误] She is not as half clever as her brother. [正] She is not half as clever as her brother. [析] 在as-as结构中要将修饰形容词的数量词倍数及nearly, almost, exactly- 等置?于第一?个as之前. [误] He is same age as Tom. [正] He is the same age as Tom. [析] the same-as是固定的用法.其中定冠词the是不可省也不能换成别的词的. [误] Mother and her daughter are exactly like. [正] Mother and her daughter are exactly alike. * like 作为介词.其意为"像".应用于 look like, be like, sound like, 其后要加宾语.而 ?alike? 是形容词.或副词.如: You and I think alike. The twins are dressed alike. 但 alike 仅作表语而不能用于名词前作定语. [误] Who is taller of the two? [正] Who is the taller of the two? [析] 两者的比较级之前要加定冠词. [误] I have less books than Tom. [正] I have fewer books than Tom. [析] less 是 little的比较级.而fewer是few的比较级.less后应加不可数名词而fewer后是可数名词. [误] There are three girls in my group. The cleverer is Mary. [正] There are three girls in my group. The cleverest is Mary. [析] 在两者之间应用比较级.在三者之间或三者以上的范围内应用最高级. [误] The boy sat there as quiet as his sister. [正] The boy sat there as quietly as his sister. [析] as-as的用法要注意的是:①在其中间应加形容词或副词的原级.而不可加比较级.也有的语法书中称为同级比较.②要根据句意决定是加形容词还是副词.这要看它具体是修饰动词还是名词而定.如:He is as good as his friend. [误] The harder you study, and you can learn more. [正] The harder you study, the more you can learn. [析] 英文中如果要表达越来越怎样.在初中范围有两种表达法:①比较级+and+比较级.②定冠词+比较级--.如:The nights are getting longer and longer. 要注意的是多音节形容词的比较级前要加more.这样的用法是:more and more 加形容词.如:The girl is growing more and more beautiful. [误] Studying physics is not so interesting as to learn English. [正] Studying physics is not so interesting as learning English. [析] 在作比较时.英语一般要求对比的两部分结构应一致.如用动名词.应都用动名词.用不定式时则都用不定式.但有时在后一个不定式前的符号to可以省略.如:To repair the old one is as much expensive as (to) buy a new one. [误] The girl is more cleverer than the boy. [正] The girl is much more clever than the boy. [析] clever有两个比较级:cleverer和more clever,要注意的是不能用比较级来修饰比较级.clever的两个比较级也各有不同之处.如用在两种不同性质的比较时多用more clever,如:He is more clever than honest. (他的聪明要远远超过其诚实.) [析] The boy is the tallest to the three. [正] The boy is the tallest of the three. [析] 最高级的范围要用of加复数形式或加集合名词. [误] This book is one of the most useful dictionary. [正] This book is one of the most useful dictionaries. [析] 在one of 后面最高级形容词后要加可数名词复数. [误] This dictionary is the much best one of the English?Chinese dictionaries. [正] This dictionary is much the best one of the English?Chinese dictionaries. [析] 在修饰最高级时应用 far/by far/much 加the加最高级.但very例外.如:He is the very best player in the team. [误] Shanghai is bigger than any other cities in China. [正] Shanghai is bigger than any other city in China. [析] 在比较级中表示比较对象时如用any other其后一般要加单数名词. [误] Most of stories in this book are written in English. [正] Most of the stories in this book are written in English. [正] Most stories in this book are written in English. [析] "大多数"一词的表达法有most of the +名词.或most+名词.当用前一种结构时.其后面的定冠词不可少. [误] The temperature of that room is higher than this room. [正] The temperature of that room is higher than that of this room. [析] 比较级用于两句话之间时.比较的部分不可省略掉.但为了避免重复.一般都要用that代替前面的单数名词.而用those代替前面的复数名词.如:The books in that box are bigger than those in this box. [误] He is no more here. Maybe he is at home. [正] He is no longer here. Maybe he is at home. [析] no more在现代英语中多译为:"从此再也不会了".如:His voice is no more here. 他已经去世了.他的声音不可能再出现了.而用no longer 表达目前的状态.要注意下面几组句子的实际含意:This room is no cleaner than that one.即两间屋子都不干净. This room is not cleaner than that one,即这屋子不如那间干净.(前者不如后者干净.即一间干净.一间不干净.) (三) 例题解析 1? I think Chinese is ___ than maths. A. interesting B? more interesting C. most interesting D. the most interesting [答案] B. [析] 在有than作比较的句子中应用形容词的比较级. 2? - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing? - Singing. of course. She's known to ___ it. A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for [答案] A. [析] be good at为固定搭配.意为"擅长作某事".初中英语中有些这样的固定用法应记牢.而不能似是而非.如:be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for 3? The Huang He River is one of ___ in China. A. The long river B. the longest river C. the longest rivers D. the longer river [答案] C. [析] 在one of + 定冠词+最高级之后的名词应用复数形式. 4? The girl was ___ afraid ___ she threw her bag away. A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to [答案] A. [析] so-that为"如此怎样以至于如何".此句意思是:小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了.而too-to的意思为"如何如何.以至于不能作某事".但to的后面是动词原形.而不是从句. 5? It was ___ yesterday than today. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest [答案] C. [析] 用than表达比较的句中应用比较级 . 6? Which subject do you like ___ , English Chinese or maths? A. best B. well C. better D. good [答案] A. [析] 在两者之间应用比较级.而在三者之间或三者以上用最高级. 7? None of the students watched it ___ . A. careful enough B. enough carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful [答案] C. [析] 首先应判定是选用用来修饰名词的形容词还是用来修饰动词的副词.这里是修饰watch这一动词.应选用副词.当enough用来修饰副词或形容词时应放于被修饰的形容词或副词之后. 8? ___ she eats, ___ she'll be. A. More-fat B. The more-fatter C. More-the fatter D. The more-the fatter [答案] D. [析] the+比较级表示"越来越--"本句应译为:她吃得越多.她就会越胖. 9? I don't think English is ___ Chinese. A. as important as B. not important as C. not so important D. important as [答案] A. [析] think+宾语从句时.应采用否定主句的形式.如:中文讲."我认为你不对".英文应为:"我不认为你对". I don't think you are right. 所以不能选答案B.而C.D均为不正确的表达法. 10? Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class ___ English. A. are interested in B. are interesting in C. are interested at D. are interesting to [答案] A. [析] 过去分词常用来修饰人.而现在分词常用来修饰物.如:an interesting book. 实际上过去分词含有被动之意.如:interested 其含意是"被--所吸引.感动".而interesting 则为"使人感兴趣的".如:an interesting man 一个有趣.风趣的人. 11? The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel ___ . A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly [答案] B. [析] alone意为"独自的.一个人的".它只能作表语不能作定语.I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意为"寂寞的.孤单的".如:The old man felt lonely. 要体会两个词的区别.如:The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely. 12? What a ___ cough! You seem ___ ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terrible C. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly [答案] A. [析] terrible是形容词.而terribly是副词.第一个空是修饰名词的.所以应填入形容词.第二个空ill是形容词.这里terribly 是用来修饰ill的. 13? The two friends were ___ pleased to see each other that they forgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much [答案] A. [析] 这里用的是so-that的固定搭配. 14? Which is ___ , Li Lei's box or Han Meimei's box? A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest [答案] B. [析] 两者之间用比较级.三者或以上用最高级. 15? You don't like the same colours and I don't like them, ___ . A. too B. also C. either D. neither [答案] C. [析] 在否定句中也应用either, 而不要用too.因too用于肯定句中. 16? Jim is ___ at all his lessons. And I'm sure he'll do very ___ in the exams. A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good [答案] B. [析] good为形容词.如:He is good. 他是个好人.而well作为身体状况的好坏讲时是形容词.如:He is well为他身体不错.而作为其他意思时为副词.如:He speaks English well. 17? You look ___ than before. why? A. more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner [答案] D. [析] 多音节形容词才用more或most加形容词来表示其比较级或最高级.而thin的比较级为thinner. 18? Let's go out for supper now. I'm very ___ . A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty [答案] A. [析] hungry-饿.angry-生气.tired-紧.疲劳.thirsty-口渴.要注意名词的词义. 19? - Can you understand me? - Sorry, I can ___ understand you. A. hardly B. almost C. even D. ever [答案] A. [析] hardly为一否定词.用在句中时应被看作是否定句.在答语中Sorry决定了其意为"听不明白".所以只能选 hardly. 20? "___ do you write to your penfriend?" "About twice a month." A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long [答案] A. [析] how often用来提问某一动作经多久就要发生一次.也就是提问发生的频率.how soon是问从现在起还有多久. 21? Changjiang River is ___ river in China? A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest [答案] D. 22? I'll work ___ I can. A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as [答案] D. [析] hard可用作形容词和副词.如:The desk was made of hard wood? 又如:It is raining hard. 而 hardly 是副词.其词义是"几乎不".如:Hardly did I sleep last night. 我昨晚几乎没有睡觉.而且hardly用于句首时要采用倒装语序.as-as即可以用于肯定句.也可以用于否定句.但so-as则只能用于否定句中. 23? It is very ___ to listen to him. A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest [答案] B. [析] interest作为名词有两个词义.①兴趣.②银行中所讲的利息.而其形容词 interesting是"使人感兴趣的".而interested是"感兴趣的"如:He is interested in English. 24? Things are ___ worse than I thought. A. more B. few C. very D. much [答案] D. [析] 只有much可以修饰比较级. 25? It is one o'clock, but her father hasn't come back ___ . A. already B. still C. too D. yet [答案] D. [析] 完成时的否定句尾要用yet. 而already则用于肯定句. 26? Comrade Chen is ___ older than I. A. very B. more C. much D. quite [答案] C. [析] 只有much可以修饰比较级.可以修饰比较级的词还有much, far, even a little, by far等. 27? She did her homework ___ . A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless [答案] A. [析] 这里应填入副词.而careless是由care加less后辍得来的.less意为"没有".是否定之意.如:careless-不小心.homeless-无家可归.而carefully为副词. 28? They can't answer the question in Japanese; we can't answer it, ___ . A. also B. too C. either D. neither [答案] C. 29? - How are your parents? - They are very ___ , thank you. A. good B. kind C. well D. happy [答案] C. [析] 由问句得知其询问的是身体如何.所以well作为身体状况不错时应视为形容词.30? Peter runs ___ in our class. A. the fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast [答案] C. [析] 副词的最高级前可以加定冠词.也可以不加定冠词. 31? We were all ___ glad that we sang and danced. A. such B. so C. very D. quite [答案] B. [析] 在so与that之间只有形容词时不可用such. 32? Kate sings ___ Joan. A. as well as B. as good as C. so good as D. as better as [答案] A. [析] 这里well为副词.意为"唱得好". 33? This egg smells ___ , though it looks all right. A. good B. well C. bad D? badly [答案] C. [析] smell为系动词.其后应加形容词.而不是副词.同样的词.还有sound. feel, seem.become等等.如:Ice feels cold in winter. 34? Wait a minute, I have ___ to tell you. A. something interested B. something interesting C. interesting something D. anything interesting [答案] B. [析] 修饰不定代词的修饰词要放在不定代词之后. 35? I shall visit you ___ next year. A. sometimes B. sometime C. some time D. some times [答案] B. [析] sometimes 有时.sometime 某一时刻.some time 一段时间. some times 若干次 36? My sister said she would try to speak ___ English every day. A. a little B. a few C. litttle D. few [答案] A. [析] little修饰不可数名词.而a little意为"一些.一点". 37? I have ___ friends here and I often visit them. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little [答案] C. [析] a few意为"有些".few后面要加可数名词复数. 38? Of all these books, do you think, which one is ___ ? A. interesting B. much interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting [答案] D. [析] Of all these books 是用来表示最高级的范围

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