摘要:(一)从语法搭配.习惯用法上进行辨析 1.宾语不同.意义也不同 go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事) regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do) forget doing (忘记已做过的事) forget to do(忘记要去干的事) remember doing(记得已做过的事) remember to do(记住要去干的事) mean doing(意味着干) mean to do(想干-) try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做) consider doing(考虑去做) consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了) 2.接宾语或宾补.形式有不同 某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词.但接宾补(主 补)时.宾补要用不定式. We forbid smoking here.(宾语.用动名词) We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补.用动词不定式) You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补.用动词不定式) 3.宾语形式不同.意义相同 有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式.可接动名词(要用主动形式表 被动意义).两种形式意义相同. The room requires to be cleaned.=The room requires cleaning 4.主动形式表示“被动 意义的动词 有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等.它们的主语是事物.且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态.与行为方式状语连用时.要用主动形式表被动意义: My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写. Oil burns easily.油易燃烧. 5.意义上基本相同.但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词 buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西,spend/take都可指花时间,但是它们在用法.习惯搭配上 有较大的区别. The watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs. He spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch. It took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch. He paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch. He bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs. 以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36.000法郎买了这只手表. (二)从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析 词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点.要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析.

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