Traditional surgical procedures require surgeons to make large incisions(伤口) in a patient’s body in order to gain access to the internal organs. It was once common for heart surgeons, who perform highly specialized and complex procedures, to make long incisions in a patient’s chest and then split the breastbone to reach the heart. Patients who undergo surgery are often at the risk of infection, as bacteria can infect the cut in the skin. In addition, there is often a lengthy recovery period.

A surgical technique known as “keyhole surgery” has become more common in recent years. In general, the surgeon will make a couple of small incisions around the area where the operation is going to be performed. Tubes are pushed into the holes, and a tiny camera, which is called an endoscope, is put into the body. The camera is attached to a large monitor screen that is positioned so that the doctor can see it while he performs the operation. In addition to the camera, doctors also push their tiny surgical instruments through the tubes. The awkward part of keyhole surgery is that it is counterintuitive; that is to say, if a surgeon wants to move the tool to the left, he or she must push it to the right.

Other advancements in technology are also being used today in the OR (operation room). A new machine called the “da Vinci Surgical System” has been tested in hospitals in the U.S.. Unlike keyhole surgery, the da Vinci’s robot’s moving parts are designed to imitate the natural hand and wrist movement of a surgeon, thus providing better control and sensitivity. The system is controlled by a surgeon from a console(控制台). Sitting at a console a few feet from the patient, the surgeon can perform an operation by holding and moving highly sensitive pads that enable him or her to control the instruments. The area of the body on which the surgeon is working is enlarged on a screen, which is attached to the console. This gives surgeons a realistic three-dimensional view of the area — similar to what they would see during a traditional surgical procedure.

Although the da Vinci Surgical System is undergoing some trials for some procedures, it has been welcomed as revolutionary by many surgeons. Patients with serious illnesses must still undergo major surgery, but the smaller incisions and less invasive procedures typically mean that a shorter recovery time is needed. In some cases, the patient’s stay in the hospital has been cut in half when the da Vinci Surgical System was used. On the downside, some operations have taken up to fifty minutes longer because surgeons are inexperienced at using the new technology. As surgeons become more familiar with the machines, the time needed for surgical procedures is likely to decrease.

1.What can be learned about the traditional surgery according to the passage?

2. Which of the following is one DISADVANTAGE of keyhole surgery?

3. The da Vinci Surgical System differs from keyhole surgery in that _______.

4. The passage mainly tells the reader ________.

    Shanghai is the largest city in China with well-developed business and industry, and also holds a leading place in China's arts, sciences and education. About eleven million people make their homes in Shanghai. This enormous city spreads out along the banks of the Huang Pu River, which flows into the mouth of the Yangtze River about fourteen miles north.

   Shanghai began as a fishing village in the 11th century, but by the mid-18th century it was an important area for growing cotton. After 1842 when China lost the Opium War with Great Britain, the British realized that Shanghai was in an excellent location to serve as a seaport for the densely populated Yangtze River Plain. They forced the Chinese government to allow English traders to settle on the wastelands outside the

city walls. Later, French, American, and Japanese traders also came to Shanghai and were allowed to live in certain territorial zones without being under the Chinese laws. The foreigners built whole new sections of Shanghai, including homes, stores, factories, and office buildings. Thousands of Chinese poured into Shanghai in search of jobs, most of whom settled in the old part of the city. As a result of all the foreigners, Shanghai became greatly influenced by Western culture.

   During the 1900s, opium sales along with the gambling brought in big profits. After the Anti-Japanese War in 1945, the Nationalist Chinese government took over the city. In 1949, Shanghai was liberated and administrated under the Communist Chinese government. Since the 1990s, Shanghai has developed quickly and has become a new international metropolis in China and will host the World Expo in 2010.

1. The British first wanted to settle Shanghai because       .

     A. they wanted to build stores and factories here

     B. they thought the place was beautiful and fit for living

     C. they realized that it was a very good location for a seaport

     D. they wanted to take control of the Yangtze River Plain

2. Which of the following statements about Shanghai in the 1900s is True?

     A. It was an important centre for growing cotton.

     B. Shanghai was important only, because it was a big seaport city.

     C. Opium and cotton sales brought in huge profits.

     D. Foreign settlers in Shanghai were free from Chinese laws.

3. What's the main idea of the second paragraph?

     A. Shanghai' development into an international city.

     B. Certain territorial zones for foreigners in Shanghai.

     C. Brief history of Shanghai from the 11th century to the early 20th.

     D. The influence of western culture on Shanghai.

4. Which of the following can replace the word "metropolis"(bold in last para.)?

     A. seaport city                         B. big city

     C. capital city                         D. developing city

第三部分：阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One night about nine o’clock, Dr. Eyck, a surgeon, had a phone call from Dr. Haydon at the hospital in Clens Falls. The surgeon was asked to go there at once to operate on a very sick boy who shot himself while playing with a gun.

The doctor was soon on his way to Clens Falls. It was 60 miles away. And it was snowing heavily in the city. The surgeon thought he could get there before 12 o’clock.

A few minutes later, the doctor was stopped by a man in an old black coat. Gun in hand, the man ordered the doctor to get out. Then the man drove the car down the road, leaving the doctor in the falling snow.

It was after 2 o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Clens Falls. Dr. Haydon told him that the boy had died an hour before.

The two doctors walked by the door of the hospital waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat with his head in his hands.

“Mr. Cuninghan,” said Dr. Haydon to the man, “This is Dr. Eyck. He is the surgeon who walked all the way from Albany to save your boy.”

1.Dr. Haydon asked Dr. Eyck to come to Clens Falls because ________.

A.Dr. Eyck knew the boy was wounded by a shot

B.The boy needed the help of a surgeon

C.Dr. Eyck was the boy’s father

D.Dr. Eyck was Haydon’s friend

2.The surgeon was late because ________.

A . he was stopped by the police

B.the weather was rather terrible

C.Clens Falls was too far from Albany

D.his car was taken away

3.Choose the right order of the following events given in the story.

a.Dr. Eyck was asked to come to the hospital in Clens Falls.

b.Dr. Eyck arrived at the hospital.

c.The boy shot himself.

d.The boy died.

e.The man in an old coat reached the hospital.

f.Dr. Eyck was robbed of his car.

A. c,e,f,a,b,d   B. a,c,f,d,b,e     C. c,a,f,e,d,b      D. a,c,f,e,d,b

4.The boy could have been saved if ________.

A .he had not been sent to the hospital

B. his father hadn’t arrived in time

C.Dr.Eyck had arrived earlier than the man

D.Dr. Eyck had arrived there two hours earlier

One night about nine o’clock, Dr. Eyck, a surgeon, had a phone call from Dr. Haydon at the hospital in Clens Falls. The surgeon was asked to go there at once to operate on a very sick boy who shot himself while playing with a gun.

The doctor was soon on his way to Clens Falls. It was 60 miles away. And it was snowing heavily in the city. The surgeon thought he could get there before 12 o’clock.

A few minutes later, the doctor was stopped by a man in an old black coat. Gun in hand, the man ordered the doctor to get out. Then the man drove the car down the road, leaving the doctor in the falling snow.

It was after 2 o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Clens Falls. Dr. Haydon told him that the boy had died an hour before.

The two doctors walked by the door of the hospital waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat with his head in his hands.

“Mr. Cuninghan,” said Dr. Haydon to the man, “This is Dr. Eyck. He is the surgeon who walked all the way from Albany to save your boy.”

1.Dr. Haydon asked Dr. Eyck to come to Clens Falls because _____.

2.The surgeon was late because ________.

3.Choose the right order of the following events given in the story.

a. Dr. Eyck was asked to come to the hospital in Clens Falls.

b. Dr. Eyck arrived at the hospital.

c. The boy shot himself.                    d. The boy died.

e. The man in an old coat reached the hospital.  f. Dr. Eyck was robbed of his car.

4.The boy could have been saved if ______.

For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser, wandered about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives. He had even been allowed to assist a surgeon during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed.

“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and others doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.

One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.

“He looked very professional. He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection,” she said. And then he suddenly cleared off when a nurse asked who he was. She didn’t think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.”

Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was “ shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving for so long. And they sentenced him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.

“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behaviour of the psychiatrists(精神科医生)who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York.

1.York was proud of the fact that ___________.

2.York learned how to behave like a doctor by __________.

3.Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?

4.The judge’s remark implied that York would be more severely punished if he _________.