Demands for stronger protection for wildlife in Britain sometimes hide the fact that similar needs are felt in the rest of Europe. Studies by the Council of Europe, of which 21 countries are members, have shown that 45 per cent of reptile (爬行动物) species and 24 per cent of butterflies are in danger or dying out.

　　European concern for wildlife was outlined by Dr Peter Baum, an expert in the environment and natural resources division of the council, when he spoke at a conference arranged by the administrators of a British national park. The park is one of the few areas in Europe to hold the council’s diploma for nature reserves of the highest quality, and Dr Baum had come to present it to the park once again. He was afraid that public opinion was turning against national parks, and that those set up in the 1960s and 1970s could not be set up today. But Dr Baum clearly remained a strong supporter of the view that natural environments needed to be allowed to survive in peace in their own right.

　　“No area could be expected to survive both as a true nature reserve and as a tourist attraction,” he went on. The shortsighted view that reserves had to serve immediate human demands for outdoor recreation should be replaced by full acceptance of their importance as places to preserve nature for the future.

　　“We forget that they are the guarantee (保证) of life systems, on which any built-up area depends,” Dr Baum went on. “We could manage without most industrial products, but we could not manage without nature. However, our natural environment areas, which are the original parts of our countryside, have become mere islands in a spoiled and highly polluted land.”

59. Recent studies by the Council of Europe have declared that ____ .

　A. wildlife needs more protection only in Britain

　B. all species of wildlife in Europe are in danger of dying out

　C. there are fewer species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe than elsewhere

　D. many species of reptiles and butterflies in Europe need protecting

60. Why did Dr Baum come to a British national park?

　A. Because he needed to present it with a council's diploma.

　B. Because he was concerned about its management.

　C. Because it was the only national park of its kind in Europe.

　D. Because it was the only park that had ever received a diploma from the council.

61. The last sentence in the second paragraph implies that ____ .

　A. people should make every effort to create more environment areas

　B. people would go on protecting national parks

　C. certain areas of the countryside should be left intact (完整的)

　D. people would defend the right to develop the areas around national parks

62.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　A. We have developed industry at the expense of countryside.

　B. We have forgotten what our original countryside looked like.

　C. People living on islands should protect natural resources for their survival.

　D. We should destroy all the built-up areas.

What is Math Anxiety?

Math anxiety or fear of math is actually quite common. Math anxiety is quite   36 to stage-fright. Why does someone suffer   37 ? Fear of something going wrong in front of a crowd? Fear of   38 the lines? Fear of being judged   39 ? Fear of going completely blank? Math anxiety conjures(使现出) up fear of some type. The fear that one won't be able to do the   40 or the fear that it's too hard or the fear of failure which often stems(起因于) from having a lack of  41 . For the most part, math anxiety is the   42 about doing the math right, our minds draw a   43 and we think we'll fail and of course the more frustrated and anxious our minds become, the  44 the chance for drawing blanks. Added pressure of having time limits on math tests and exams also cause the levels of anxiety to grow for many students.

Where Does Math Anxiety Come From?

Usually math anxiety stems(起源于) from   45 experiences in mathematics. Typically math phobias(恐慌症) have had math presented in such a fashion that it led to limited understanding. Unfortunately, math anxiety is often   46  poor teaching and poor experiences in math which typically leads to math  47 . Many of the students I've encountered with math anxiety have demonstrated an over reliance on procedures in math as opposed to actually understanding the math. When one tries to memorize procedures, rules and routines without much   48 , the math is quickly forgotten and   49 soon sets in. Think about your experiences with one concept — the division of fractions(分数). You probably learned about reciprocals(倒数) and inverses. In other words, ‘It’s not yours to reason why, just invert(反转) and multiply(乘)’. Well, you memorized the rule and it   50  . Why does it work? Do you really understand why it works? Did anyone ever use pizzas or math manipulative(巧妙处理的) to show you why it works? If   51  , you simply memorized the procedure and that was that. Think of math as memorizing all the procedures —   52 if you forget a few? Therefore, with this type of strategy, a good  53 will help, but, what if you don’t have a good memory. Understanding the math is critical. Once students   54 they can do the math, the whole notion of math anxiety can be overcome. Teachers and parents have an important   55 to ensure students understand the math being presented to them.

A new U．S．government report says more than two million Americans fall ill each year with drug—resistant bacterial infections(感染)，and 23，000 of them are dying as a result．The head of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[CDC]said that the number probably will grow．Officials warn that steps must be taken now to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotic(抗生素)drugs．

    Without urgent action to stop that trend，warned Tom Frieden whose agency wrote the report，the miracle drugs to fight them won’t be available in the future．

    “If we are not careful，the medicine chest will be empty when we go there to look for a lifesaving antibiotic for someone with a deadly infection．But if we act now，we can preserve these medications while we continue to work on development of new medicines．”

    The report names a drug—resistant abuse of gonorrhea(淋病)，which causes about one quarter of a million hospitalizations in the United States annually．Of the number at least 1 4，000 result in death．

    Drug resistance develops through the overuse and inappropriate use of anti—bacterial agents．These can be：doctors prescribing(开药) them to patients who have viral infections that are not affected by medicine meant to fight bacteria；patients not taking all of their medicine as prescribed，so the bacteria making them sick are only weakened，not killed；antibiotic use in healthy farm animals to prevent illness and promote growth．Antibiotic remainders left in meat and animal products can then lead to drug resistance in humans．

    To limit the spread of resistant infections，experts recommend wider use of routine immunizations(预防)，as well as hand—washing in hospitals and other health care facilities．Also， the report urges hand—washing by food handlers．?

    Michael Bell，deputy director of the Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion at CDC，said Patients also can play a role in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics by asking health care providers a few simple questions．

1.What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Drug Resistance Developing Quickly in the US

B．Drug—Resistant Bacterial Infections Growing in the US

C．Actions for Preserving Anti-Bacterial Medications in the US

D．Preventions of Drug-resistant Bacterial Infections in the US

2.According to Frieden，we must take measures without delay to preserve effectiveness of antibiotics，or_____.

A．we will have to develop better medicines in place of antibiotics

B．there may be no effective anti-bacterial drugs for use in the future

C．we can’t find other medicines to cure serious illnesses in the future

D．more and more Americans will suffer from bacterial infections each year

3.Of those patients admitted to the hospital because of a drug-resistant abuse of gonorrhea annually，deaths add up to_____.

A．at least 5.6％  B．about 25％    C．about 1.4％    D．at least 2.5％

4.One of the approaches through which drug resistance develops is that_____.

A．people eat the meat with Antibiotic remainder in animals

B．doctors prescribe less antibiotics than needed for patients

C．doctors prescribe much more antibiotic than needed for patients

D．patients don’t take their ant-bacterial agents that doctors prescribe

There are many thoughts on the origins of civilization. One of the major factors involved was the increase in population. The development of techniques, primarily irrigation and flood control, which permitted agriculture in special areas such as the flood plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made possible the support of large population. Once populations reach a certain number, the older pattern of social organization breaks down and new ones develop. Specifically the older system, whereby each individual participated in food production and maintained a similar standard of living and whereby kinship(家属关系) served as the basic method of social organization, was replaced by the occupational division of labor, political and religious hierarchies(等级制度), public works such as road and public building construction, class systems, codes of law, markets, new forms of warfare, and urban centres. Allied with these important sociological traits are material traits, such as monumental architecture and the development of science and, in many cases, metallurgy(冶金学) and writing systems.

The earliest civilization, Sumer, developed in the Middle East. This was the Bronze Age of the Old World, during which people first developed the art of metallurgy, civilization also arose in other parts of the Old World, first in Egypt, China, and India, and later in Europe and Africa. At this time, civilization also developed independently in the New World, in the Mexican area and in Peru and its adjacent(邻近的) areas.

In the Old World the Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which saw the rise and fall of great empires and the shift of power from the Middle East to Greece and Rome and then to Western Europe. In the 1700s the Industrial Age began, leading directly to the modern civilization of today.

46. The author of this passage __________________________________.

A. gives a comparison between ancient civilization and modern civilization

B. suggests that population increase is most important in the development of civilization

C. tries to explain how civilization developed in human history

D. explore the relation between agriculture and industry

47. According to the first paragraph, the increase in population __________________.

A. resulted in the development of agricultural technology

B. resulted from the breakdown of old social organization

C. caused the occupational division of labor

D. was impossible without the development of agriculture

48. The word “traits” in Paragraph One most likely means ____________________.

A. main appearances                        B. great achievements

C. distinguishing features                      D. outstanding successes

49. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. The Bronze Age is one of the earliest civilizations.

B. The Industrial Age started in the Middle East.

C. The Bronze Age developed into the Iron Age.

D. The use of metal instruments started from the Bronze Age.

50. Which of the following is NOT included in the expression “the Old World” used in the passage?

A. American continent.                         B. Both Western and Eastern Europe.

C. African continent.                                   D. Asian countries.

What is Math Anxiety?

Math anxiety or fear of math is actually quite common. Math anxiety is quite    1   to stage-fright. Why does someone suffer   2   ? Fear of something going wrong in front of a crowd? Fear of   3   the lines? Fear of being judged   4   ? Fear of going completely blank? Math anxiety conjures（使现出） up fear of some type. The fear that one won't be able to do the   5   or the fear that it's too hard or the fear of failure which often stems(起因于) from having a lack of   6   . For the most part, math anxiety is the   7   about doing the math right, our minds draw a   8   and we think we'll fail and of course the more frustrated and anxious our minds become, the   9   the chance for drawing blanks. Added pressure of having time limits on math tests and exams also cause the levels of anxiety grow for many students.

Where Does Math Anxiety Come From?

Usually math anxiety stems from    10  experiences in mathematics. Typically math phobias have had math presented in such a fashion that it led to limited understanding. Unfortunately, math anxiety is often  11    poor teaching and poor experiences in math which typically leads to math   12   . Many of the students I've encountered with math anxiety have demonstrated an over reliance on procedures in math as opposed to actually understanding the math. When one tries to memorize procedures, rules and routines without much   13   , the math is quickly forgotten and   14   soon sets in. Think about your experiences with one concept --- the division of fractions（小部分）. You probably learned about reciprocals（倒数） and inverses. In other words, 'It's not yours to reason why, just invert（反转） and multiply'（乘）. Well, you memorized the rule and it   15   . Why does it work? Do you really understand why it works? Did anyone every use pizzas or math manipulative（巧妙处理的） to show you why it works? If   16   , you simply memorized the procedure and that was that. Think of math as memorizing all the procedures --   17   if you forget a few? Therefore, with this type of strategy, a good   18   will help, but, what if you don’t have a good memory. Understanding the math is critical. Once students   19   they can do the math, the whole notion of math anxiety can be overcome. Teachers and parents have an important   20   to ensure students understand the math being presented to them.

(    ) 1. A. different           B. similar             C. far                          D. familiar

(    ) 2. A. speech              B. performance     C. threatens                  D. stage-fright

(    ) 3. A. understanding   B. memorizing      C. forgetting               D. reading

(    ) 4. A. poorly              B. crazily              C. well                        D. publicly

(    ) 5. A. Chinese            B. math               C. English                   D. physics

(    ) 6. A. wish               B. conscience            C. determination           D. confidence

(    ) 7. A. fear                 B. joy                   C. pleasure                   D. doubt

(    ) 8. A .failure              B. choice              C. blank                             D. death

(    ) 9. A. further             B. greater             C. less                         D. smaller

(    ) 10. A. unpleasant      B. unfair                   C. pleasant                   D. successful

(    ) 11. A. because           B. thanks to          C. resulting in              D. due to

(    ) 12. A. fear               B. anxiety             C. failure                     D. misunderstanding

(    ) 13. A. forgetting           B. use                   C. understanding          D. knowledge

(    ) 14. A. panic              B. excitement      C. disappointment        D. encouragement

(    ) 15. A. opens             B. works               C. starts                      D. runs

(    ) 16. A. so                  B. possible            C. not                          D. any

(    ) 17. A. Where            B. Why               C. When                          D. What

(    ) 18. A. memory        B. method             C. brain                      D. body

(    ) 19. A. fill                 B. realize              C. confirm                   D. recognize

(    ) 20. A. task               B. aim                  C. appointment             D. role