It is sometimes said that the English are polite people. This can make life difficult for foreigners. Suppose a foreign boy asks an English girl to go out with him and she says, “If I finish my work, I'll meet you in the cafe at 7 o'clock.” Is she saying “yes” or “no” to his invitation?

　　In grammatical terms, she is using the conditional structure. By using the conditional, speakers of English can avoid giving a “yes” or “no” answer to a question. It enables people to be diplomatic. If the girl doesn't want to go out with the boy, she won't turn up at the cafe. She will let him understand she is still working. If she wants to go out with him, but doesn't want to appear too easy to catch, she has achieved that with her reply. But in this case, as she uses the first conditional which shows probability, she is quite likely to turn up at the cafe. Being polite can make life very difficult!

　　The conditional is often used by people in the news－politicians, for example－who wish to avoid speaking out their ideas. This is very important if they are on their way to discuss an agreement. No one wants to give away his or her points before he or she starts. A government spokesman might say to a group of workers, “If we could pay you more, we would.” The use of the conditional here makes room for argument although the speaker is using the second conditional form, which shows improbability. So it is unlikely the workers will get their rise.

　　“If” is a small word, which appears often in the English language. It can show politeness, reported speech and conditionals such as the First－probability－if I can come to your party, I will; the Second－improbability－if I saw you tomorrow, I'd give you the book; and the Third－impossibility (meaning it is too late to change something that has happened)－if you have told me, I would have helped you.

　　注：conditional structure表示条件的句式，avoid避免，diplomatic婉转的，achieve达到，politician政客

1．The using of the conditional can make a speech ________.

[　　]

2．Which of the following is TURE according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Language used in the news should make room to argue.

B．Usually English girls are not easy to catch.

C．English people never speak out their ideas in public.

D．The word “if” can show different meanings.

3．In the passage, “If we could pay you more, we would.” probably means ________.

[　　]

A．the workers will make more money

B．the spokesman doesn't give any promise

C．the spokesman keeps his word

D．the workers' problems aren't difficult

4．This passage is mainly talking about ________.

[　　]

A．the conditional in communication

B．how to invite a girl in Britain

C．British people and their life

D．some language points in daily English

　　　　Tom is an American boy. His father wants to go to China for a visit. Tom asks him, "Are you going to China by plane, by train or 　　by sheep, Father?" "What?" Father asks. The boy says it again. "Oh! How can I get to China by sheep? No! Never!" Father answers."Why not, Father?" the boy asks." My boy, I cannot even go to China 　　on a horse. I'll go to China by ship, not by a sheep. The letter"i" in the word 'ship' should be read[i], not[i:].You must pay moreattention to your pronunciation." （发音）

　　判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”，不符合的用“F”表示。

　　1. Tom lives in America. 

　　　　　　　　　　 （　　）

　　2. Tom's father will go to China to study there.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （　　）

　　3. Tom's father says he will go to China by ship.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （　　）

　　4. Tom asks his father how he will go to China.

　　（　　）

　　5. Tom's pronunciation is very good. 

　　　　 （　　）

-　The　teachers　in　that　school　speak　either　English　or　French,　or　even　_____.

    -　That’s　so　cool!

    A.　all　B.both　C.　neither　D.　none