阅读理解

　　In 1896, the first modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece．Since then many countries have successfully held the Olympics, such as England, France, Germany, Canada, the USA, Spain, and Australia．After more than a century the Games returned to its hometown．

　　When people hold the Olympic Games, they always make an emblem(会徽)．The emblem of the Athens Olympic Games was a white circle of olive branches in the sky．

　　Now Athens is developing a spirit of peace．An officer said, “While in Athens, the world should be at peace．We hope the peace is not just for a short time．We would like the message from the Athens Game to help countries come together and solve their problems．”

　　Several years later, the Olympic Games will be held in China．And China already made a seal as the emblem of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games．The emblem has a single Chinese Character on a red seal and means “Chinese seal－dancing Beijing．” Below it, there are the words “Beijing 2008”．The character in the emblem “jing” means “capital” of China, and it is also like a runner or a dancer．The running figure (人形)of the emblem shows the spirit of the Olympics——faster, higher and stronger．

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阅读理解。

　　Many hospitals have blood banks．In these banks, blood of all types is stored．When blood is needed, it is taken from the bank．Healthy people then give blood to the bank to replace(取代)the blood that is used．Blood can be kept in the fridge for about three weeks with a kind of chemical．

　　When people lose much of their blood because of operations or accidents, they may need transfusions(输血)．Some people may need transfusions because of illness．Sometimes only a part of the blood is used for transfusions．Plasma(血浆), the liquid part of the blood, may be given alone．Transfusions of plasma are often given when people have been badly burned．

　　When a person gets a transfusion, he gets blood of the same type as his．Or there may be a bad reaction(反应)．To make it safer, before a transfusion is given, the blood to be used must be tested with the blood of the person who is to receive it．This testing is called cross matching of the blood．

　　Oswald Robertson, an American doctor, was the first one to give transfusions．He used blood that had been stored for some time to help wounded soldiers in 1918 in World War One．

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