摘要:alphabet 字母表 这个词是从希腊语的alphabetos来的.而后由拉丁语进入英语.中古英语时期写作alphabete.

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阅读理解

  This dictionary tells you about English words and how to use them in reading, writing and speaking English.It not only gives the meaning of words, it can also help you with spelling, word building, grammar and pronunciation.

  To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works.At the front of the book, you will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary.

  If you look up the word “colour”, you will find two spellings for this word.“Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English.When such a thing happens, the dictionary shows it with the word “BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English.

  The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly.It uses a special alphabet(特殊字母表)to show pronunciation.If you turn to the inside back face, you will see all the phonetic letters(音标)with some words to show you how they are pronounced.Just have a look this page when you’re not sure how to say a word.

  The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a word-its DEFINITION.

  In this dictionary, the definitions have been written using only 2000 words.This means that the definitions of even the most difficult words are simply explained(简单解释)and easy to understand.

  When a word has more than one meaning, read all the meanings until you find the one that correctly tells the use of the word you are looking for.

  Most of the words in this dictionary can be used by people in all parts of the world.

(1)

This dictionary cannot help you with ________.

[  ]

A.

singing

B.

grammar

C.

spelling

D.

pronunciation

(2)

________of the words in the dictionary have two spellings.

[  ]

A.

All

B.

One

C.

Few

D.

Some

(3)

The AmE spelling of the Chinese word “颜色”in this dictionary is________.

[  ]

A.

colour

B.

collar

C.

color

D.

corner

(4)

The phonetic alphabet helps you each word correctly.

[  ]

A.

understand

B.

write

C.

say

D.

know

(5)

The Chinese meaning of “definition” here is ________.

[  ]

A.

词性

B.

词条

C.

词义

D.

词库

(6)

How many words are there in this dictionary?________.

[  ]

A.

Two thousand

B.

One thousand

C.

One hundred

D.

We don’t know

(7)

The dictionary explains ________.

[  ]

A.

some of the difficult words

B.

all the words in a simple way

C.

all the easy words

D.

the words of two meanings

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阅读孟子《鱼我所欲也》选段,完成下面题目。(14分)
鱼,我所欲也;熊掌,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生,亦我所欲也;义,亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼,舍生而取义者也。生亦我所欲,所欲有甚于生者,故不为苟得也;死亦我所恶,所恶有甚于死者,故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚于生,则凡可以得生者何不用也?使人之所恶莫甚于死者,则凡可以辟患者何不为也?由是则生而有不用也,由是则可以辟患而有不为也。是故所欲有甚于生者,所恶有甚于死者。非独贤者有是心也,人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳。
【小题1】指出文中的通假字并解释。(2分)
       通        解释                   
【小题2】下列画线词的意义完全相同的一项是(  )(2分)
A.屋舍俨然  舍鱼而取熊掌者也
B.故患有所不辟也 且人患志之不立
C.非独贤者有是心也 是进亦忧,退亦忧
D同舍生皆被绮绣 是故所欲有甚于生者
【小题3】根据文段内容填空。(4分)
⑴选段中,作者将      比作鱼,将    比作熊掌,提出了他的主张:当二者不能两全时,应      
⑵孟子说:“富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移,威武不能屈,此之谓“大丈夫”与文段中的“    ”这个词含义相同。
【小题4】翻译下面的文言语句。(4分)
(1) 由是则生而有不用也,由是则可以辟患而有不为也。
(2)非独贤者有是心也,人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳。
【小题5】孟子认为“非独贤者有是心也,人皆有之,贤者能勿丧耳。”请举出你所了解的一位“贤者”,并写出他的一句表明其气节的名句。(2分)
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