To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ________ into the river.

1. A.
   needn't be thrown
2. B.
   mustn't be thrown
3. C.
   can't throw
4. D.
   may not throw

To err is human. To blame（责备） the other guy is even more human.
Common sense is not all that common.
Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse?
These three popular misquotes（戏谑的引语）are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature. To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this: “To err is human, to forgive, divine（神圣的）.” This saying mirrors an ideal: People should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite – find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a mark of great maturity（成熟）.
Common sense is what we call clear thought. Having common sense means having a good general plan that will make things work well, and it also means staying with the plan. Common sense tells you that you take an umbrella out into a rainstorm, but you leave the umbrella home when you hear a weather forecast for sunshine. Common sense does not seem to be common for large companies, because there are so many things going on that one person cannot be in charge of everything. People say that in a large company, “the right hand does not know what the left hand is doing.”
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people, especially young people, get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time. There is a corollary（直接推论）to that: if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest, then where is the place of the truth?
【小题1】Which of the following is NOT based on common sense?

To most of us, school means classes, teachers, schedules, grades, and tests. But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts, school is very different.
Firstly, there are no lessons. All the children, aged between 4 and 19, do whatever they want. There are no teachers, only “staff members (职员)”. The idea behind this is that you do not need to make children learn, because children want to learn anyway. “You do not need to say to a three-year-old. ‘Go explore your environment.’ You can’t stop them!” says Daniel Greenberg, a founder of the school. “But if you make children do what you want all day, they will lose all taste for learning.”
At Sudbury Valley School, you will allow children to talk, read, paint, cook, work on computers, study French, play the piano, climb trees, or just run around. Two boys spent three years just fishing!
The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules. Every week, there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each — even the four-year-olds. They decide the school rules, how to spend the school budget（预算）, and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
When the school first opened in 1968, people said it would never work. But today, the school has 200 students, and 80% of its students go on to college. Even the two boys who went fishing all time have successful careers today. One of them is a musician and the other is a computer scientist.
【小题1】What does the school believe?

To start with, put the napkin on your lap. this protects your clothes from food or is used to wipe your hands or mouth when necessary..

?? Hold the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left hand , and cut the meat or fish into pieces as you eat. Always use your fork to put food in your mouth. Use your spoon only for soup.

?? Do not put your own fork, knife and spoon into serving bowl.

?? Do not spit food anywhere! If you have bones in your mouth, take them out with your fingers and place them on the edge of your plate, never on the table or floor.

?? Do not reach across the table or in front of another person. Ask someone to pass whatever you want.

1.How many rules are there in the passage?

A. Two. ? B. Three. ? C.Four.? ? D.Five

2.What can you use to put food in your mouth?

A .Knife.?? B. Knife or fork. C. Knife and fork D. fork

3.If you can’t reach the food, what will you do?

A.Reach across the table.

B.Reach in front of another person.

C.Ask somebody to pass it to you.

D.Reach by yourself.

4.Which hand holds the knife?

A.Right hand.

B.Left hand.

C.Either of your hands.

D.Both of your hands.

5.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Place bones on the edge of your plate.

B.Use your spoon only for soup.

C.The napkin protects your clothes from food.

D.You can put your own fork, knife and spoon into serving bowl.

To make our city more beautiful ,rubbish ______ into the river.

A. must throw?? ????????????? ????????????? B. can’t throw?? ????????????? C. needn’t be thrown?? 　 D. mustn’t be thrown