What will you be doing when you are 26 years o1d? Studying at university or working for a living? Take
a look at what Albert Einstein was doing at the age of 26.
    100 years ago, Einstein was working in Switzerland. His hobby was physics. Without much money or
help, he wrote five papers (论文) for a physics magazine. Three of these greatly changed the study of
physics and our understanding of space, time, light and matter (物质). His most famous work is on the
Theory of Relativity (相对论). Einstein was given the Nobel Prize (诺贝尔奖) for it is discoveries. Although
he did many other things later, 1905 has been called Einstein's "Year of Wonders (奇迹)". It has been 100
years since then. Because of this, the UN has named 2005 me World Year Of Physics.
     Fifty years after Einstein's death, a question is asked, "Will there ever be another Einstein?" It may take a
1ong time. After all, Einstein was born more than 200 years after Sir Isaac Newton, another great scientist.
Besides, physics is a different field (领域) now, and education is different, too. Even if you can't be the
next great scientist, it is still helpful to remember some of the things that made Einstein great. He thought
independently (独立地) and read widely. He left us with a formula (公式) for life: If A is a success in life,
men A=X+Y+Z.X is work; Y is play; and Z iskeeping your mouth shut.

1. What was the field of Einstein's study?

A. Physics.
B. Wonders
C. Success in life.
D. Relativity.

2. The year 1905 is known as Einstein's "Year of Wonders'' because _____.

A. Einstein was working in Switzerland in 1905
B. Einstein was 26 years old in l905
C. Einstein made some very important discoveries in 1905
D. Einstein studied physics in l 905

3. Why hasn't there been another scientist as great as Einstein?

A. Because the study of physics is not enough.
B.  Because it is hard to make important discoveries as Einstein did.
C. Because people don't work hard any more.
D. Because physics is getting more and more difficult. 

4. The UN has named 2005 me World Year of Physics because _____. 

A. Einstein is 100 years old this year
B. Einstein has been dead for 50 years
C. There have been other great discoveries after Einstein's death
D. 1905 has been called Einstein's "Year of Wonders"

5. What does Einstein's formula of success mean?

A. Success means years of hard work.
B. Success means all study and no play.
C. Success means working hard,relaxing and not talking too much.
D. Success is a secret that nobody knows.

     Communication theory (理论) often talks about how speakers should present their material (材料).
However, listeners play the same important role. Some of them focus on the speaker, while others daydream
or talk to a neighbor. What is the difference between these two kinds of listeners? Generally speaking,
effective (有效的) listeners have discovered the advantages of paying close attention. Not having experienced
the rewards of paying close attention, ineffective listeners continue to wonder why they can't remember what
they "heard" or why they do poorly on tests.
     How do effective listeners manage to pay close attention? First of all, they avoid letting poor circumstances,
like an uncomfortable seat, a personal problem, or the speaker's mannerisms, distract (分心) them. Instead,
they "tune out" anything that will keep them from understanding and remembering what they hear. After leaving
a lecture or meeting, they remember what was said,not the room conditions or the poor delivery of the speaker.
On the other hand, ineffective listeners who think they are paying attention to the message can be easily
daydreaming.
     In order to prevent probable distractions, effective listeners actively but objectively focus on the message
itself. They do not prejudge the speaker as representing a viewpoint which is completely different from their
own, nor do they prejudge the material as boring,too easy,or too difficult. Effective listeners accept the new
ideas. To help themselves become actively concemed with the speaker's message,effective listeners write down
important words and phrases as a reminder of difficult ideas.
      Ineffective listeners don't like theoretical material;they may pretend to listen but daydream instead to avoid
hearing what they don't agree with or readily understand. Moreover, rather than attending to meaning itself,
ineffective but well-intentioned listeners might be so interesteq in taking a lot of notes that they miss the
speaker's main idea. These listeners leave a speech or a class with a notebook full of words.
     Clearly, a certain amount of effort is concemed with (与...有关) listening actively, objectively, and openly
to new ideas. But as that effort begins to pay off for ineffective listeners, they too will develop this skill as a
beneficial lifelong habit.

1. The underlined phrase "tune out" means "_____".

A. deal with
B. pay no attention to
C. pick out
D. think about

2. Which of the following statements is close to the writer's opinion?

A. Listeners will develop listening skills if they copy all the words the speaker said.
B. Listeners may remember what was said if they prejudge the speaker's viewpoint.
C. Listeners should accept the new ideas and write down important words.
D. Listeners can daydream to avoid hearing what they don't understand.

3. The main purpose of this passage is to _____.

A. point out the results of effective listening
B. describe the listening habits of poor listeners
C. discuss the methods which are used by all kinds of listeners
D. state the differences between effective and ineffective listeners