摘要: Present perfect and Past indefinite-----differences Present perfect Past simple Unfinished state / action Spain has governed the enclave of Ceuta since 1580 Finished state / action Spain governed the state of Western Sahara from 1958-1976. Unfinished time I haven’t seen Keith this morning yet. Finished time I didn’t see Keith at all this morning. (It’s now evening / afternoon.) Present relevance The Indian Government has imposed a ban on tiger hunting to prevent the extinction of tigers. No present relevance The Indian Government imposed a ban on tiger hunting a few years ago. Indefinite time I’ve been to Eurodisney twice. Definite time I went to Eurodisney in 1999 and 2000. We use the past simple, not the present perfect, to correct an incorrect belief or expectation or to confirm a correct one: ⅹ The area is far more rugged and wild than I have expected. √ The area is far more rugged and wild than I expected. ⅹShe is just as beautiful as I have imagined. √She is just as beautiful as I imagined. How to keep diaries 1 What a good idea it is to WRITE A DIARY Anyone can write a book. And you get better at it as time goes on. It's best to use either LAST YEAR's diary and not use the dates, or to get a blank book, or to write on a computer. Not using the dates? That's to avoid the fixed format of having a constraint on the amount of space. Instead, write your own dates and write as much as you like and then the next day starts just after that. 0000/00/00 00:00 The important thing is to ACTUALLY WRITE rather than just not doing. By recording what happened, what you think about it, how you feel, etc, you become a good friend of yourself. The diary should be kept secret by default (otherwise it affects the writing style), need not be written prefect perfectly, and YOU decide what you think and what you want to say yourself. As the style of writing develops, some of the material you write may be interesting to the point where you decide to publish some of it. Another cultural aspect of this is the performing of the reading of writings at parties. It's fascinating to look back at the history you've recorded yourself. Using a camera to record memories is good, but composing your own TEXT and telling your own STORY of how things happened gives it a chance in the future to LIVE again. How to keep diaries 2

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We drink tea every day. But more than three hundred years ago most of the people in Europe (欧洲) did not know anything about tea. Some people heard about it, but very few of them know what to do with it.

 There is a story about an English sailor (水手) who went to countries in the east, the west and the south. He went to India and China. One day he came home and brought some tea as a present for his mother. She told her friends about the present and asked them to a "tea party". When her friends came to the "tea party", the old woman gave them brown tea-leaves. The old woman's friends began to eat them. Of course, nobody liked the tea-leaves.

 At that time the sailor came in. He looked at the table and said, "Mother,what did you do with the tea?"

 "I boiled it,as you said."

 "And what did you do with the water?"

 "I threw it away(扔掉),of course." answered the old woman.

 "Now you may throw away the leaves,too," said her son.

1.Most of the people in Europe ___300 years ago.

A.drank tea every day

B.knew everything about tea

C.knew nothing about tea

D.liked to eat the tea-leaves

2.One day the English sailor brought his mother some tea from ___.

A.countries in the west

B.countries in the south

C.India or China

D.a tea shop in England

3.The sailor's mother asked her friends to her house, because ___.

A. the sailor told her to.       

B she liked to show off (炫耀)

C. she wanted to ask her friends what to do with the tea

D. she wanted to taste the tea together with her friends

4.At the "tea party",___.

A.all the woman's friends spoke highly of (高度评价)the tea.

B.nobody knew what to do with the tea

C.the woman didn’t eat the tea-leaves

D.the woman gave her friends each a glass of tea water

5.What mistake(错误) did the old woman make? She ___.

A.boiled the tea

B.did as the sailor said

C.threw away the water

D.didn't throw away the tea-leaves

 

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