II. by 的用法介词.表示通过-方法或途径的意思.译成“靠.通过 .后面可加名词或名词短语. e.g. 1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了——青夏教育精英家教网—

摘要：II. by 的用法介词.表示通过-方法或途径的意思.译成“靠.通过 .后面可加名词或名词短语. e.g. 1) The house was destroyed by fire. 房屋被火烧毁了. 2) travel by air /land/sea. 航空旅行 3) go by train /boat/ bus 乘火车去 4) shake sb. by the hand 和某人握手 5) I study English by watching English movies. 我通过看英文电影学英语. 另外.by作为介词的意义有很多.我们也已经学过一些用法.总结如下: 1) 在-旁边.靠近 e.g. There is a power station. 河边有一个电厂. 2) 沿着.经由 e.g. come by the highway 由公路来 3) 由于 e.g. by mistake 由于差错 4) 被.由 e.g. some articles written by Lu Xun. 一些由鲁迅写的文章 5) 表示面积 e.g. a room 5m by 4m 一间长五米宽四米的房间 6) 逐批 e.g. one by one 一个接一个 III.“How questions How引导特殊疑问句有两种含义 1)1) 表示问候.无须准确回答. e.g. How do you do? How are you? How is everything going? 2)2) 表示“怎样 e.g. How is your new house? It’s great.你的新房子怎么样?它太棒了. How do you learn English? 你是怎样学习英语的? I learn English by reading lots of English magazines.我通过读大量英文杂志学习英文. 请同学们注意how 和what引导的疑问句是不一样的.不能混淆. how 通常对程度或方式进行提问.意为“怎么样 .回答通常做状语或表语. what常对动作的发出者或接受者进行提问.意为“什么 .回答通常做主语或宾语. 比较:1. How is your summer holiday? It is perfect.

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Many students in China are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teenagers(青少年). Many are adults(成年人). Some study at school, others learn by themselves. A few learn English language over the radio, on TV, or in the films. One must work hard to learn another language.
Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer that question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. They study their own(自己的) language and maths and English. Some people learn English because it is useful for their work. Many people often learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university(大学) some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers and magazines in English.
【小题1】根据Others are teenagers(青少年). Many are adults(成年人).描述，可知选C。
【小题2】根据短文第一段描述，可知孩子，年轻人和成人都在学英语。故选C。
【小题3】根据短文第二段描述，可知每个人学英语都有不同的原因，故选D。
【小题4】联系上文可知本文描述的是中国人学英语，故他们自己的语言是汉语，选A。
【小题5】by表示通过某种方式，通过自己学习英语，及自学英语，故选B。
【小题6】Are there many adults learning English in China?

A．No, they aren’t.	B．No, they are.
C．Yes, there are.	D．Yes, there aren’t.

【小题7】________learn English.

A．Only teenagers.

B．Only adults.

C．Small children, teenagers and adults.

D．Only small children.

【小题8】Which of the following is true?

A． Most people learn English over the radio.

B． All the people learn English at school.

C． Students only learn their own language at school.

D． Different people have different reasons for learning English.

【小题9】“Their own language” means_____________.

【小题10】What’s the Chinese meaning of “learn by themselves”?\

    Jack is a businessman. He has three friends. They are Mary, Ann and David. Jack has a car. He drives
to work. Mary works in a hotel. She goes to work on her bicycle. Where does Ann work? She works in
a supermarket. She is a clerk. She goes to work by bus. David works in a park, and the park is not far
from his home. How does he go to work? He walks to work.
    The four friends often have parties on weekends.
表示职业的词:    1             2
表示工作单位的词:3             4                5

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阅读下面有关“光合作用的发现”的资料，重温科学家的研究过程，回答下列问题：
资料一：1771年英国人普利斯特利发现，将薄荷枝条和燃烧的蜡烛放在一个密封的钟罩内，蜡烛不易熄灭；将小鼠与绿色植物放在同一钟罩内，小鼠也不易窒息死亡。
资料二：1864年德国的萨克斯把一株盆栽植物放在黑暗处一昼夜，然后把其中一个叶片一半曝光，一半遮光，过一段时间后用碘蒸气处理叶片，发现遮光那一半没有发生颜色的变化，曝光的那一面则成深蓝色。
资料三：1880年德国恩吉尔曼把载有水绵和好氧细菌的临时装片放在没有氧气的黑暗环境里，然后用极细的光束照射水绵。通过显微镜观察发现好氧细菌只集中在叶绿体照光部位附近。如果上述临时装片完全暴露在光下，好氧细菌则集中在叶绿体所有受光部位周围。
（1）普利斯特利的实验都是在_____________条件下进行的，这时钟罩内的小白鼠不易窒息死亡的原因是__________________________________________________。
（2）萨克斯将一个叶片一半遮光，一半曝光的目的是________________。]
（3）由恩吉尔曼的实验可得出的结论是：光合作用的场所是______________。
（4）绿色植物的光合作用对于维持生物圈中的_____________平衡起着重要作用，因而绿色植物被称为“空气净化器”。
（5）根据科学家研究发现的光合作用原理，在农业生产中可以采取何种有效措施以提高农作物的产量？答：____________________________________。查看习题详情和答案>>

根据下面一篇短文的内容判断下列句子的正误，正确的用“A”来表示，错误的用“B”来表示。

A young man couldn’t sleep well every night. He was very worried. One day he went to see the doctor. The doctor looked him over carefully. But nothing was wrong with him. The doctor told him to count from 1 to 10 again and again. “Keep doing it until you fall asleep,” the doctor said.

After a few days, the young man came to the doctor again. But to his surprise, the doctor found the young man was even worse than before! “Didn’t you count as I told you?” the doctor asked. “Yes, I did,” the young man answered. “But every time when I reached eight, I couldn’t help jumping(跳) from bed.”

“But why?” the doctor wanted to know. The young man said, “I am a boxer.”(拳击运动员)

1.The young man had a very terrible illness(疾病).

2.The doctor told him to count numbers from 1 to 1000 .

3.After a few days the young man was even worse.

4.The young man didn’t do the things that the doctor told him.

5.The young man was a boxer.

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九年级学生面临着升学的压力，他们每天有做不完的作业，学校领导为了采取一些有效的措施提高学生的学习效率，让你们调查了解九年级学生的学习状况，你通过调查发现有以下问题：

Problems

Reasons

Strategies

too much homework

not enough exercise

little communication among students

2.---

请你用英语写一篇发言稿，在班会课上分析这些问题和产生的原因，并提出相应提高学生学习的学习实效，和同学共同探讨。

注意：1.发言稿的开头已经为你写好，你只需接着写；

????? 2.所写内容必须包括所给问题和你自己的分析；

???????? 3.词数：70个左右。

Hello, boys and girls,

???? I made a survey about what problems we students of Grade Nine have now.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________???????????????????????????

_____________________________________________________________________?????????????

____________________________________________________________________________________________

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