摘要：① How are you ? How do you do ? ② How old are you ? ③ “距离 How far is A from B ? ④how long “多久 → for / since + 一段时间 ,谓语常用延续性动词. “多长 e.g.--- How long can I keep the book ? --- For two weeks . ⑤how soon “要过多久? → in + 一段时间 , 时态多为将来时, 谓语常用终止性动词. e.g. --- How soon will you get back ? --- In an hour . ⑥how often “多久一次? → 频率 e.g. How often do you go to the park ? Once a week / Very often / Never / Sometimes . ⑦ How many / much “多少 How about “表建议 2. ☆ V.+ by + 动名词 “ 通过某种方式 e.g. How do you study for a test ? I study by asking the teacher for help . ① ask sb for help “向-求助 ② ask for leave I will ask for two days’ sick leave . ③“出价 He asked me 110 yuan for the bike . ④ask-toWe asked him to come again . e.g. She studies by making vocabulary lists . ① make sth“制作- ② make+n.+adj.“使-处于某种状态 The news made him worried. ③ make + 宾语 + 动词原形 He made me do it again. 短语:make mistakes make a mistake make friends make the bed make tea make it make money make faces make a noise make one’s way to make room for make up ] e.g. The best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines. 3. study & learn 区别: ( study 强调“研究 study the pronunciation of English “研究英语发音 ) ⑴learn可接不定式短语,study则不能; e.g. It’s never too old to learn . ⑵ learn可指学习某人的品质和精神, study则不能; e.g. We must learn from Lei Feng . ⑶ 对比工作强调上学时只能用study . e.g. Are you still studying at school ? 研究 4. aloud与 Loudly aloud adv. “大声地 e.g. What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation ? Loudly adv.“吵闹地 e.g. They are dancing in the house loudly . loud adj&adv “大声的/地 e.g. He broke the window with a loud voice. Don’t talk so loud. 5. pronounce与 pronunciation pronounce v. make the sound of “发-音 Do you know how to pronounce the letter ? pronunciation n.“发音.读音 6．ever adv. “曾经 (多用于现在完成时“完成用法 .特点:☆与瞬间动词连用 ) ☆-Have you ever - ? -Yes, I have. / just once . -No, not even once. / never . Have you ever been to-? --I’ve never been there / Only once / Several times 7．I have learned a lot that way . a lot = a lot of things 其他用法: I like apples a lot / very much . way “①方式,方法 ②路 e.g. That’s the best way to learn English well . Which is the way to-? 8. It improves my speaking skills . [ be skillful at / in / with = be good at -] 9. It’s too hard to understand the voices . It’s + adj.形++to do e.g. It’s difficult to swim very well . voice “语声.嗓音 e.g. He has lost his voice ,because of a bad cold . noise “声音.噪音 e.g. Don’t make so much noise . make a noise →adj. noisy sound “声音 v. sound like- “听起来 He listen to the sad of the sea. 例题: e.g. Let’s go outside . There is too much here . Did you hear the of music ? 10. specific adj. “具体的.明确的 specification n. general adj. “普遍的.全面的 e.g. Some students had more specific suggestion . “一些学生有更多的明确的建议. 例题: Though he said a lot , he didn’t produce a suggestion . A. clever B. sure C. correct D. specific 11. differently adv. “不同地.有区别地 e.g. Wei Ming feels differently . different adj. be different from-. e.g. Cars are different from buses . difference e.g. There are some differences between cars and buses . 12. 现在完成进行时: 表示从过去某一时间开始到现在经常重复的动作 . 构成: have / has + been + 现在分词 常与:① since引导从句和for短语 ② all day , all the time , this week ,these days 等连用. e.g. He has been learning English for six years and really loves it . I’ve been playing computer since I came back / for two hours . 13. Sometimes , however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly . ⑴ however ①“然而.但是→but只能放句首.I made a mistake , however. “无论如何 e.g. However difficult it is ,I’ll work hard . ⑵ I find it frustrating that I can’t pass this exam . ⑶ quick 动作迅速 fast 运动速度快 soon 马上 例题: See you . He runs . He is a worker . 14．have fun = enjoy oneself 过得愉快 = have a good / wonderful time 15. add ① “加 e.g. Add three to six you get nine . ② “补充说 e.g. “I’m coming . Lucy added. 16. We get excited about something and end up speaking in Chinese . ⑴ excite 兴奋 sth excites sb “某事使某人感到兴奋 e.g. The news excited us . excited “兴奋的/激动的 be excited about / at - “对-感到兴奋 e.g. We were excited about/ at the news. We were excited to hear the news . exciting “-使人兴奋的(指事物本身使人感到兴奋) e.g. We had an exciting party yesterday . He told us an exciting news just now . 例题: The story made us a lot . ⑵ end up = end 反义词组: begin / start with ( end up doing sth = finish doing sth ) at the end of -“在-的末尾.末端 e.g. at the end of the concert at the end of the road in the end “最后 .“终于 In the end I decided to stay here. 二.Section B. 1. To begin with , she spoke too quickly and I couldn’t understand every word . ⑴ to begin with “首先.起初 ＝ start with = at first ⑵ not every 部分否定 “不是每一个 e.g. Not all of us like playing computers . 2. real “真正的 ?C realize “认识,领悟 [ 后跟名词,代词或从句. ] e.g. You didn’t realize your mistakes . I didn’t realize it until you told me . 3. be afraid of - “害怕- e.g. I’m afraid of snakes . be afraid to do sth “害怕做- e.g. All of us were afraid to do the work . be afraid + 从句 “恐怕- e.g. I’m afraid I can’t . 4. later on adv. “后来.以后 e.g. I’ll be seeing you later on . e.g. I’ll meet you a few days later on. 几天后我会见你的. no later than “不迟于- sooner or later “迟早 5．laugh at sb 嘲笑某人 make sentences 造句 take/ make/ write notes 记笔记 enjoy/ like doing sth 喜欢做某事 = have fun doing sth ☆have trouble doing sth 做某事有困难 6．impress vt. “给-深刻印象 ① impress sb. with sth e.g. Lucy impressed me with her loveliness . ② impress sth on sb e.g. I impressed on him the importance of his work.. ③ be impressed by / with “被-留下深刻印象 e.g. I was impressed with his words . 三.Self check write down “记下 Please write them down .(代词在中.名词中后皆可) This kind of paper feels very soft . 感观动词“摸起来 实义动词“感觉.认为 I feel he has done his best. make up conversation “编对话 make up make up one’s mind “决心要做某事 = decide to do sth What do you think you’re doing ?“插入语 四.Reading 1. ask & answer → question solve → problem 2. And unless we deal with our problems , we can easily become unhappy . ① unless “除非, 如果不- e.g. I will not go unless I hear from him . e.g. Don’t come unless I call you . = Don’t come if I don’t call you . ② deal with = do with“处理.对付 (That’s a deal ! “成交了 = It’s a deal) e.g. How shall we deal with the thief ? = What are we to do with the thief ? 3. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school . ① worry about “为-担心 ② affect “影响.感动.假装.喜爱 I was affected by his words. 4. influence ①n.“影响力.权力 e.g. the influence of the rain on trees “雨水对树木的影响 ②v. “对-有影响 e.g. It can also influence the way we behave with our families . 5. be angry at / with sb “对-某人生气 e.g. Gina is angry with her sister . be angry at / about sth “对-某事生气 e.g. Mr Yang was angry with Gina’s homework . get angry “生气 make sb angry “使某人生气 6. stay + 表语 “保持- e.g. Sometimes, people can stay angry for years - 7. Time goes by , and good friendships may be lost . ① go by “走过.按照 e.g. She wasn’t at home when I went by yesterday . ② lose& miss e.g. You said you had lost your book . When did you miss it ? 作定语或表语时:lose -lost miss - missing e.g. My new bike is missing . I’ll pay for the lost books. be lost “迷路的 = get lost e.g. I was / got lost in the big city . 8. strict adj. “严格的.精确的 be strict with sb / in sth “对-严格要求 9. change-into- “把-变成- 10.regard -as- “把-看作- = treat -as- = have / take / look on / think of -as- not at all “根本不 e.g. I don’t like milk at all .

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