A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物学上)these sleepyhead(贪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.
　　“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.
　　Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).
　　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.
　　Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.
　　All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”
【小题1】Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.

A Brown University sleep researcher has some advice for people who run high schools: Don’t start classes so early in the morning. It may not be that the students who nod off at their desks are lazy. And it may not be that their parents have failed to enforce(确保) bedtime. Instead, it may be that biologically(生物学上)these sleepyhead(贪睡者)students aren’t used to the early hour.

　　“Maybe these kids are being asked to rise at the wrong time for their bodies,” says Mary Carskadon, a professor looking at problem of adolescent (青春期的)sleep at Brown’s School of Medicine.

　　Carskadon is trying to understand more about the effects of early school time in adolescents. And, at a more basic level, she and her team are trying to learn more about how the biological changes of adolescence affect sleep needs and patterns(方式).

　　Carskadon says her work suggests that adolescents may need more sleep than they did at childhood, no less, as commonly thought.

　　Sleep patterns change during adolescence, as any parent of an adolescent can prove. Most adolescents prefer to stay up later at night and sleep later in the morning. But it’s not just a matter of choice---their bodies are going through a change of sleep patterns.

　　All of this makes the transfer(迁移)from middle school to high school---which may start one hour earlier in the morning----all the more difficult, Carskadon says. With their increased need for sleep and their biological clocks set on the “sleep late, rise late” pattern, adolescents are up against difficulties when they try to be up by 5 or 6 a.m. for a 7:30 a.m. first bell. A short sleep on a desktop may be their body’s way of saying. “I need a timeout.”

1.Carskadon suggests that high schools should not start classes so early in the morning because _______.

A．it is really tough for parents to enforce bedtime

B．it is biologically difficult for students to rise early

C．students work so late at night that they can’t get up early

D．students are so lazy that they don’t like to go to school early

2.The underlined phrase nod off most probably means _______.

A．turn around       B．agree with others   C．fall asleep         D．refuse to work

3.What might be a reason for the hard transfer from middle school to high school?

A．Adolescents depend more on their parents.

B．Adolescents have to choose their sleep patterns.

C．Adolescents sleep better than they did at childhood.

D．Adolescents need more sleep than they used to.

4.What is the test mainly about?

A．Adolescent health care.

B．Problems in adolescent learning.

C．Adolescent sleep difficulties.

D．Changes in adolescent sleep needs and patterns.

Grace is nine years old. She has a bad cold and coughs all the time. One day, she went to see a doctor. The doctor gave her some cough medicine.

　　There are some words on the bottle of the medicine.

1.How much medicine should Grace take a day?

A.Half a teaspoon.　　　　　　　　　　B.At teaspoon.

C.Two teaspoons.　　　　　　　　　　　D.Three teaspoons.

2.What should Grace do at first when she wants to the medicine?

A.Wash the bottle.　　　　　　　　　　B.Shake the bottle.

C.Keep the bottle cool.　　　　　　　 D.Keep the bottle hot.

3.After Grace takes the medicine, she should ____.

A.throw the cap away

B.put the bottle in a place with sunlight

C.put a nice cap on the bottle　　

D.put the cap back on the bottle and tighten it

4.Can a two-year-old child take the medicine?

A.No, he can't.

B.Yes, but only 1/3 teaspoon each time.

C.Yes, but he has to ask the doctor

D.Yes, but only 1/2 teaspoon each time.

5.Which of the following is TRUE?

A.If someone has a stomachache, he can also take the medicine.

B.If Grace's father has a cold, he should take the medicine 2 teaspoons a day.

C.After getting up, Grace should take the medicine at once.

D.Grace can't use the medicine after DEC.2009.

John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine. Look at the instruction on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers:

　　 Cough Medicine

　　Shake(摇动)it well before use.

Take it three times each day before meals.

　　Dose (药量):

　　Age：over 14 2 teaspoonfuls(勺)

　　8—13 1 teaspoonful

　　4—7 1／2 teaspoonful

Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place.

Use it before December 1st 2012.

1.John should take ____ a day.

A．2 teaspoonfuls

B．3 teaspoonfuls

C．4 teaspoonfuls

D．1 teaspoonful

2.The medicine should be kept in _______.

A．a fridge（冰箱）                       B．hot water

C．any place                             D．the sun

3. John should ____ before he takes it.

A．shake the medicine well

B．eat nothing

C．do some exercise

D．drink a cup of tea

4. When people are ____ years old, they cannot take this medicine.

A．eighty            B．thirty             C．two              D．twelve

5.John will ____ the medicine when it is left after Dec.1st, 2012.

A．throw（扔） away

B．stop to take

C．take once

D．take six times more

John is twelve years old. He had a bad cold and coughed day and night. He went to see a doctor. The doctor gave him some cough medicine. Look at the instruction on the bottle of the medicine and then choose the right answers:
　　 Cough Medicine
　　Shake(摇动)it well before use.
Take it three times each day before meals.
　　Dose (药量):
　　Age：over 14 2 teaspoonfuls(勺)
　　8—13 1 teaspoonful
　　4—7 1／2 teaspoonful
Not right for children below the age of three. Put it in a cold place.
Use it before December 1st 2012.
【小题1】John should take ____ a day.