阅读理解

　　After the end of the Second World War, the Russians became very interested in the possibility of travelling into space, and they launched (发射) several rockets which went round the Earth high above the air. To go higher, it is necessary to use a rocket, which will work excellently even when moving in outer space. The first rockets sent up into space carried no crew [(舰船、飞机等上的)乘务员]but only scientific instruments (仪器); the next carried animals and when these were brought back safely to earth the Russian scientists were ready to send up a man. They chose Major Yuri Gagarin to be the first pilot.

　　Flying a spaceship is not the same as flying an ordinary aircraft. Instead of sitting at the controls, the pilot lies flat upon a couch; and the take-off is mainly automatic (自动的), however, the pilot must always be ready in case anything goes wrong. Fortunately, all went well; the Vostok was launched by its powerful motors, and before long it was more than 100 miles up, travelling at a speed of 5 miles a second or 18,000 m.p.h.-faster than any man had travelled before. Gagarin did not feel any sensation of speed, but he could look through the porthole (舷窗) of his pressurized cabin and see the Earth far below, looking like a vast globe instead of a flat plain. He could make out coastlines, rivers, forests, and clouds; he passed over Siberia, and then on to South America.

　　Gagarin was busy all the time making scientific measurements. Also, as the Vostok was equipped with radio, he was able to give the scientists on the ground a running commentary (实况报道) on everything he saw. Before long the spaceship passed into the Earth’s shadow; when it came out of the shadow again, the horizon (地平线) glowed (发出光和热)a brilliant orange colour.

　　When Gagarin had been in space for over an hour, he had nearly completed a journey right round the Earth, and it was time to prepare for the landing. This was perhaps the most dangerous part of the whole trip. If he came into the air too quickly, his ship would rub against the air particles, and the ‘friction (摩擦)would make the ship so hot that it would burn up. The speed of the Vostok had to be checked gradually (逐渐地). Again, all went well. The Vostok steadily (平稳地)dropped closer and closer to the ground until, when not far from the ground, Gagarin’s cabin was separated from the rest of the rocket. A huge parachute (降落伞) opened, and the cabin, with Gagarin in it, floated (飘,飘浮) gently down to a safe landing.

1．The Russians were ready to send up a man into space ________.

[　　]

A．when WWII was over

B．when they could go higher

C．after they had sent up a rocket with scientific instruments

D．after they had sent up animals and brought them safely back

2．Which of the following about Gngarin is NOT true?

[　　]

A．He controlled the take-off.

B．He traveled faster than any man had ever done.

C．He couldn’t feel how fast he was travelling.

D．He could see out of the spaceship.

3．The words “running commentary” (Sentence 2, Para. 3) probably means ________.

[　　]

A．scientific measurements

B．different views

C．Gagarin talking to scientists on the ground

D．the shadow and the color

4．For Gagarin landing was perhaps the most dangerous part of the trip because ________.

[　　]

A．the last part was by parachute

B．the landing was mainly automatic

C．the spaceship might burn up

D．the spaceship might hit the ground

5．What would be the most suitable title for the passage?

[　　]

A．Travelling in Space.

B．The First Man in space.

C．The Take-off and Landing of a Spaceship.

D．Gagarin, a National Hero.

信息匹配(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

以下是五位专家的建议。请匹配这些建议及对应的生活感想或经验介绍（A、B、C、D、E和F）。选项中有一项是多余选项。

You should watch where your weight accumulates．You can use the waist to hip ratio to find if there is too much fat around the middle．Belly fat is especially dangerous because it release free fatty acids directly to the liver, virtually flooding it with fat.

If a particular food is important to you, eat it, but work it off．You should try to learn the art of compromise.

At the same time．the three-for-one is relatively simple to use．Fat grams and calories are listed on almost all boxed, canned or packaged foods —— you have only to read the label and follow the rule．A five-year-old patient of mine can do this.

Drinking water is basic, and drinking enough of it is necessary．Patients are sometimes surprised that basic things work when they do them consistently.

Consume antioxidant foods．They protect the cholesterol(胆固醇), from oxidative damage, which helps prevent damage to blood…vessel walls.

 A．More than nine years ago I was 70 pounds overweight and wore a very big dress．I had tried different diets and lost weight only to gain it back．Finally a simple “three-for-one’’ fat rule worked for me：consuming no more than three grams of fat for every 100 calories per serving．Following the rule and eating only foods that contain less than 30 percent fat, I spent eight months getting down to a size seven, and I’ve kept the weight off for nine years.

 B．And for foods that aren’t packaged, you rely on what we already know about them．Red meat, as well as dishes made or served with butter, gravy, cream sauce or cheese, are almost never less than 30 percent fat——so you just don’t eat them．On the other hand, some non-packed foods——all fruits and vegetables except avocadoes and olives——always pass the test．So do most fish, but not when fried.

C．I like vegetables, which are rich in vitamins．Most foods containing vitamins C and E（such as sweet potatoes, tomatoes, spinach and broccoli）are low in calories and are known as antioxidants（抗氧化物质）．They can help reduce the possibility to develop hardening the arteries（动脉）.

 D．I gain weight around the belly—what we call abdominal obesity, the worst kind．The tendency seems to be hereditary（遗传的）, and it’s common among men．This problem increases the risk of a stroke or heart attack．A guide I use in estimating belly fat is the waist-to-hip ratio or WHR．To find yours, divide the circumference（周围）of you waist by the circumference of you hips．Women with ratios above 0.8 and men with ratios above 1.0 are at increased health risk.

 E．My ways of keeping healthy are very simple, and they are among our everyday activities：eating healthy food and doing exercise．In addition, I manage to do those basic things, such as drinking water, sleeping well and eating less fat．Sometimes I do some of the other things I used to do in my life like walking for half an hour a day.

 F．Although I've put on ten pounds．I'm healthy and in good shape．I eat food that’s good for me…but I work off Susan’s homemade brownies（巧克力蛋糕）, for example．To offset these extra calories, I walk for an hour or more, three times a week…often with Susan．We’re both busy and this is one way we have some quiet time together．Equally important, it permits me to practice dieting fine art of compromise.

以下是五位专家的建议。请匹配这些建议及对应的生活感想或经验介绍（A、B、C、D、E和F）。选项中有一项是多余选项。请将答案代号（A、B、C、D、E、F）写在答题卷81~85的相应位置上。

1.You should watch where your weight accumulates．You can use the waist to hip ratio to find if there is too much fat around the middle．Belly fat is especially dangerous because it release free fatty acids directly to the liver, virtually flooding it with fat.

2.If a particular food is important to you, eat it, but work it off．You should try to learn the art of compromise.

3.At the same time．the three-for-one is relatively simple to use．Fat grams and calories are listed on almost all boxed, canned or packaged foods —— you have only to read the label and follow the rule．A five-year-old patient of mine can do this.

4.Drinking water is basic, and drinking enough of it is necessary．Patients are sometimes surprised that basic things work when they do them consistently.

5.Consume antioxidant foods．They protect the cholesterol （胆固醇）, from oxidative damage, which helps prevent damage to blood…vessel walls.

       A．More than nine years ago I was 70 pounds overweight and wore a very big dress．I had tried different diets and lost weight only to gain it back．Finally a simple “three-for-one’’ fat rule worked for me：consuming no more than three grams of fat for every 100 calories per serving．Following the rule and eating only foods that contain less than 30 percent fat, I spent eight months getting down to a size seven, and I’ve kept the weight off for nine years.

       B．And for foods that aren’t packaged, you rely on what we already know about them．Red meat, as well as dishes made or served with butter, gravy, cream sauce or cheese, are almost never less than 30 percent fat——so you just don’t eat them．On the other hand, some non-packed foods——all fruits and vegetables except avocadoes and olives——always pass the test．So do most fish, but not when fried.

       C．I like vegetables, which are rich in vitamins．Most foods containing vitamins C and E（such as sweet potatoes, tomatoes, spinach and broccoli）are low in calories and are known as antioxidants（抗氧化物质）．They can help reduce the possibility to develop hardening the arteries（动脉）.

       D．I gain weight around the belly—what we call abdominal obesity, the worst kind．The tendency seems to be hereditary（遗传的）, and it’s common among men．This problem increases the risk of a stroke or heart attack．A guide I use in estimating belly fat is the waist-to-hip ratio or WHR．To find yours, divide the circumference（周围）of your waist by the circumference of your hips．Women with ratios above 0.8 and men with ratios above 1.0 are at increased health risk.

       E．My ways of keeping healthy are very simple, and they are among our everyday activities：eating healthy food and doing exercise．In addition, I manage to do those basic things, such as drinking water, sleeping well and eating less fat．Sometimes I do some of the other things I used to do in my life like walking for half an hour a day.

       F．Although I've put on ten pounds．I'm healthy and in good shape．I eat food that’s good for me…but 1 work off Susan’s homemade brownies（巧克力蛋糕）, for example．To offset these extra calories, 1 walk for an hour or more, three times a week…often with Susan．We’re both busy and this is one way we have some quiet time together．Equally important, it permits me to practice dieting’s fine art of compromise.

Feeling blue about world ? “Cheer up.” Says science writer Matt Ridley.”The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature.”
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist—tactical .because he’s carefully weighed the evidence optimistic .because that   offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good .And this is what he’s set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting  .He views mankind as grand enterprise that .on the whole .has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here’s how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty .our own generation has access to more nutritious food .more convenient transport .bigger houses, better ears .and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.
3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel(化石燃料) electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet(止血带) around our necks.
【小题1】What is the theme of Ridley’s most recent book?

　　In the past few years ballooning has become a popular sport in the UK. Although it is still quite expensive compared with other sports, many people now think of a balloon flight as the perfect answer for a birthday present or a particular occasion. Some businesses also entertain their staff or visitors with a balloon ride and may even buy their own balloon to advertise their business products.

　　One of the best known balloon companies in the UK is based in Bristol in the west of England. Flights are available throughout the year and last for at least one hour. They usually take off soon after sunrise or a couple of hours before sunset, but they do not fly if it is raining or very windy. No special clothing is necessary other than outdoor clothing and either walking shoes or boots.

　　It seems that once people have experienced a balloon flight they can become so keen on the sport that they want to have their own balloon. No two flights are ever the same and people find the sport different and exciting. The company in Bristol trains people to fly their own balloons but warms that it can be a very expensive hobby.

1．What is the writer trying to do in the passage?

[　　]

A．To tell a story about balloon.

B．To advertise a new sport.

C．To give information on ballooning.

C．To recommend a new sport.

2．Why would somebody read the passage?

[　　]

A．To learn about a dangerous sport .

B．To find out about joining a club.

C．To know more about ballooning.

D．To find out about ballooning costs.

3．Why could an interest in ballooning almost be a disadvantage?

[　　]

A．People can become addicts(入迷的人).

B．People lose a lot of money.

C．It reads to business difficulties.

D．It is bad for one's health.

4．What do we learn from the passage about ballooning?

[　　]

A．It's best for business advertising.

B．It has become dearer recently.

C．It can only be done during the summer.

D．It is considered to be rather special.