阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

    As a nation, we’re getting fatter

    In Britain, people with a healthy body weight are in the minority.

Nearly two thirds of men (65%)and more than half of women(56%)are either overweight or obese（病态肥胖的）.

Nearly a quarter of men and women (24%)are obese.

The number of overweight and obese people in the UK is increasing. A recent government report showed that if current trends continue, the majority of people in the country will be obese by 2050, including 60% of men and 40% of women.

What is a healthy weight?

You can find out whether your weight is within the healthy range by calculating your body mass index or BMI. Check your BMI using our BMI chart.

For many people, it’s just not realistic to aim for a so-called “ideal weight” for your height. Instead of focusing on a target weight, it may be more helpful to work on changing your lifestyle, which can help you reach a healthier weight.

Small changes can have big effects

Most people gain weight throughout their lives, often without realizing it. Very small changes can result in large weight gains over time, For example by simply eating an excess of 50 calories per day – just half a biscuit – you could gain 5 pounds or 2kg over a year. So in 5 years’ time you could be over 25 pounds or 10 kg heavier.

But good news is that small changes of your lifestyle can lead reduction in body weight. This may sound simple, but in reality it takes commitment and effort to change the habits of a lifetime. The day-to-day choices we make about our lifestyle have the greatest effect on our weight.

Losing weight and keeping it off!

The best way to lose weight is to eat healthily, eat smaller amounts and         . This will help you to take in less energy from food and increase the amount of energy you burn off by being more physically active.

1．What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 15 words)

2．Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

    What affects our weight greatly is the way of life that we choose every day.

3．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words .(no more than 5 words)

4．How heavy could you gain in 10 years if you ate an excess of 100 calories every day according to this passage? (no more than 10 words)

5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is actually worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) is creating a “greenhouse effect" - holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world's average temperature. If this view is correct and the world's temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate (废气排往空中而形成的微粒、颗粒) matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth's temperature ─ a result that would be equally disastrous. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world's temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution ______.

       A. caused widespread damage in the countryside

       B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

       C. had damaging effects on health

       D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas

As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author ______.

       A. shares the same view with the scientists

       B. is uncertain of its occurrence

       C. rejects it as being ungrounded

       D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

The underlined word “offset" in Para. 2 could best be replaced by______.

       A. slip into    B. make up for       C. set up        D. catch up with

This passage is mainly concerned with ______.

       A. the greenhouse effect                   B. the burning of fossil fuels

       C. the potential effect of air pollution        D. the possibility of a new ice age

The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an “aducation” through games and other entertainment.

       A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. "Call me Haiz", he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising.

       Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers.

      The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: To identify the advertiser. To know what the advertiser is really saying. And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do.

       Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad-land, where there are ads on buses and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level.

       The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing.

       One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) says it is a big business. The FTC estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2009.

       The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.

       A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.

What is the best title of the text?

       A. The guide of Admongo

       B. An education website for children

       C. A popular online video game

       D. A website aimed at children

Why did the government start the website?

       A. To attract the biggest market of buyers.

       B. To sell the products of its company.

       C. To help children know about advertising.

       D. To advertise the video game for children.

What can players do in the website game?

       A. Choose hair styles for their character.

       B. Travel to a supermarket.

       C. Eat in a fast-food restaurant.

       D. Play video games during the trip.

Children are important for advertising because they are        .

       A. important for the society

       B. the most potential buyers

       C. easily influenced by ads

       D. easily affected by poor products

According to Michelle Obama, lots of food advertised for children are ________.

    A. healthy                        B. of high nutrition

    C. yummy                        D. of low quality

Attempt a guess at the following question: In the English-speaking world, which country has the least affordable homes? You are wrong if you guessed the US, even with the housing bubble （气泡） and main sadness． Nor is it the UK, where prices have risen because demand is far from supply． According to a recent survey of 227 cities around the globe, you must go south of the equator （赤道） to Australia to find the priciest homes．

The report measured a city’s housing market along the following guidelines． An “affordable” home required three times or less of the average family’s income to purchase． At four times earnings, a home fell into the “unaffordable” category． And a “seriously unaffordable” home needed five times a family’s income． In Australia, homes in the least affordable city cost just about 9．5 times the average income． Sydney, Perth, and Melbourne were only a little under this figure．

Australian officials offered little comment, apart from a general statement on the dismal findings． These prices make the possibility that many Australians will one day own a home largely unbelievable． Land rationing （配给制） and excessive development charges have raised prices, and the problem will only be solved through urgent action by the Rudd government．

Some American cities were also included on the least affordable list, four of which were in California． America is still involved in a mortgage（抵押）crisis, though, affecting the affordability of homes． Yet a number of US cities garnered “affordable” status, namely Dallas and Kansas． Australia had no cities listed in the top fifty places with affordable homes．

The survey suggests that you can find affordable homes in most places, just not if you’re Australian and choose to live down under．

To buy an affordable house, you should pay _____．

   A． 3 times or less of the average family’s income

    B． 4 times or less of the average family’s income

    C． 5 times or less of the average family’s income

    D． 9．5 times or less of the average family’s income

What caused the prices of houses to increase in Australia?

   A． The rising family’s income．       B． The demand over supply．

   C． The excessive development charges． D． The decrease of land．

The underlined word “dismal” in Paragraph 3 may mean _____．

   A． cheerful       B． satisfactory

   C． difficult           D． gloomy 

What might be the most suitable title for the passage?

    A． Affordable Houses   B． A House is a Dream First

    C． Housing Bubble      D． Homes Too Expensive

Water, which covers about 74 percent of the earth’s surface, is man’s most precious resource. Without it we cannot live. Clean water keeps us alive; polluted water means disease and death. Keeping our water pure is by no means an easy task but it is something that must be done.

Hong Kong once prided herself on being the “Fragrant Harbour”. However, these days, it is not certain if Hong Kong’s harbour could still be called “fragrant”. For, like many other places, Hong Kong has not been spared water pollution. A visit to Tolo and Victoria Harbour, or any of the beaches in Hong Kong is enough to make one aware of the ugly truth that Hong Kong waters are indeed polluted.

The great threat to our water is bacteria pollution. Another great source of water pollution is poisonous chemicals. These substances, which are found in industrial waste and agricultural pesticides, make up unseen dangers that enter biological food chains.

Pollution control is a continuing problem for the government. It is believed that the most effective form of control is legislation（立法）. Most importantly, the present laws on pollution should be given more force. On the other hand, no amount of legislation can effectively control pollution unless those concerned are properly educated about the danger posed by pollution.

While a great majority of Hong Kong citizens and residents seem to be greatly concerned about ways to control water pollution, it is discouraging to note that there are, in our midst, some people who remain apathetic（无动于衷）about the problem. In a recent radio programme conducted on what people in the streets thought about the water pollution problem, one apparently unconcerned person said, “What do I care about water pollution? I don’t drink polluted water. As long as the water I drink is not polluted, I’m not bothered. Water pollution is too big a problem and let’s leave it to the government.”

If all residents in Hong Kong will take such an indifferent attitude, all the government’s attempts to control pollution, let alone the anti-pollution legislation, will prove useless. The best form of pollution control each citizen can employ is to be aware of his surroundings. We hope that someday, the problem of water pollution in Hong Kong will cease to alarm us.

1.By the underlined sentences, the writer wants to show that ______.

A. we should not use polluted water

B. it is our responsibility to keep our water clean and safe

C. clean water is vitally important to the survival of human beings

D. water is abundant but very expensive    

2.What can you infer from the second paragraph?

A. Hong Kong indeed deserves the name. 

B. Hong Kong never deserves such a name.

C. Hong Kong can’t avoid the damage of pollution. 

D. Hong Kong has failed to live up to such reputation.

3.The writer quotes the words in the programme to show us that a block to the solution of the problem is _________.

A. people’s lack of education         

B. people’s I-don’t-care attitude

C. people’s wait-and-see attitude     

D. people’s over-dependence on the government

4.In the final analysis, the best approach to the problem of water pollution is ________.

A. legislation                     

B. rapid development of modern science 

C. mass education                  

D.everybody taking care of his own surroundings